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. 2020 Dec 28;10(1):33. doi: 10.3390/cells10010033

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Time scale of reprogramming from nasal mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiation towards induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iP-MSCs). The mMSCs are seeded on day (D)2 in MSC growth medium (scale bar 100 μm). On D0, mMSCs were transfected using episomal plasmids for reprogramming. First, morphology changes were visible on D7 followed by medium change to E8 (scale bar 100 μm). iPSC colonies appeared between D28 and D35 after transfection (scale bar 100 μm). Potential iPSC colonies were mechanically picked and maintained in culture for further passages, reaching typical pluripotent stem cell morphology around D50 (scale bar 100 μm). Differentiation of iPSCs into MSCs started with high-density iPSCs on gelatin-coated plates (scale bar 100 μm). E8 medium was changed to human mesenchymal stem cell medium at D11 after initiation of differentiation (scale bar 100 μm). Seven days later, the cells were transferred to uncoated plates, and the first mesenchymal-like cells appeared on D25 after starting differentiation (scale bar 100 μm).