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An overview of typical structural changes that occur as a consequence of heat treatment. Here, the cell is a gram-negative bacteria, but similar mechanisms occur in other cell types. Structural changes of a cell are reflected in its dielectric and electrokinetic properties due to, e.g., changes in the conductivity of the membrane, the charge of membrane, and aggregation of protein. Schematics are based on descriptions of heat-induced changes in [9,15].
