Table 1.
Growth performance, intestinal growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) residue (µg/kg of tissue) of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed diets with graded levels of OTA over a 60-day period.
| Growth Indicators | Dietary OTA Levels (µg/kg Diet) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | 406 | 795 | 1209 | 1612 | 2003 | 2406 | |
| IBW 1 | 25.73 ± 0.07 a | 25.74 ± 0.03 a | 25.70 ± 0.08 a | 25.79 ± 0.07 a | 25.76 ± 0.09 a | 25.68 ± 0.04 a | 25.75 ± 0.13 a |
| FBW 1 | 125.22 ± 2.14 e | 125.00 ± 1.20 e | 124.67 ± 0.88 e | 117.22 ± 3.53 d | 108.78 ± 3.40 c | 99.89 ± 1.26 b | 92.44 ± 2.14 a |
| PWG 1 | 386.59 ± 7.10 e | 385.63 ± 4.64 e | 385.07 ± 3.23 e | 354.48 ± 14.25 d | 322.34 ± 13.75 c | 289.01 ± 5.48 b | 259.05 ± 10.10 a |
| SGR 1 | 2.637 ± 0.024 e | 2.634 ± 0.015 e | 2.632 ± 0.011 e | 2.523 ± 0.052 d | 2.406 ± 0.053 c | 2.264 ± 0.023 b | 2.130 ± 0.0472 a |
| FI 1 | 122.19 ± 0.12 e | 122.15 ± 0.14 e | 122.08 ± 0.17 e | 115.21 ± 0.11 d | 109.97 ± 0.18 c | 101.67 ± 0.18 b | 95.56 ± 0.20 a |
| FE 1 | 0.81 ± 0.02 c | 0.81 ± 0.01 c | 0.81 ± 0.01 c | 0.79 ± 0.05 c | 0.75 ± 0.05 b | 0.73 ± 0.02 b | 0.70 ± 0.05 a |
| IL 2 | 33.13 ± 2.47 c | 32.39 ± 1.20 c | 31.72 ± 1.03 c | 28.02 ± 0.71 b | 26.78 ± 0.47 b | 23.88 ± 0.57 a | 23.62 ± 0.18 a |
| ILI 2 | 167.59 ± 5.50 c | 162.28 ± 8.67 c | 161.96 ± 0.49 c | 152.39 ± 5.34 bc | 143.32 ± 6.48 b | 132.38 ± 3.29 a | 124.16 ± 2.18 a |
| IW 2 | 3.30 ± 0.05 d | 3.21 ± 0.06 d | 3.16 ± 0.08 d | 2.84 ± 0.14 c | 2.49 ± 0.12 b | 2.17 ± 0.07 a | 2.00 ± 0.11 a |
| ISI 2 | 2.69 ± 0.07 c | 2.60 ± 0.05 bc | 2.60 ± 0.15 bc | 2.46 ± 0.08 b | 2.21 ± 0.10 a | 2.21 ± 0.12 a | 2.15 ± 0.15 a |
| OTA Content (μg/kg tissue) | |||||||
| PI 3 | n.d 4 | n.d 4 | n.d 4 | 8.02 ± 0.20 a | 16.68 ± 1.26 b | 28.68 ± 2.85 c | 39.24 ± 3.55 d |
| MI 3 | n.d 4 | n.d 4 | n.d 4 | 15.14 ± 1.09 a | 26.13 ± 1.54 b | 32.67 ± 2.93 c | 41.19 ± 1.73 d |
| DI 3 | n.d 4 | n.d 4 | 9.33 ± 0.77 a | 21.22 ± 2.03 b | 28.61 ± 2.74 c | 34.17 ± 3.28 d | 49.56 ± 2.75 e |
1 Values are means ± SD for three replicate groups, with 60 fish in each group, and values in the same column with different superscripted small letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05). IBW, initial body weight (g/fish); FBW, final body weight (g/fish); PWG, percent weight gain (%); SGR, specific growth rate (%/day); FI, feed intake (g/fish); FE, feed efficiency. 2 Values are means ± SD (n = 42), and values in the same column with different superscripted same letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05). IL, intestinal length (cm); ILI, intestinal length index; IW, intestinal weight (g/fish); ISI, intestinal somatic index. 3 Values are means ± SD (n = 6), and values in the same column with different superscripted same letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05). 4 n.d: not detected.