| BC | bladder cancer |
| CI | confidence interval |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| ECOG PS | Eastern Co-Operative Oncology Group performance status |
| EMT | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| FFPE | formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded |
| FGFR | fibroblast growth factor receptors |
| GC | gemcitabine + cisplatin |
| HNSCC | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| HR | hazard ratio |
| IHC | immunohistochemistry |
| MIBC | muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
| MMP-7 | matrix metalloproteinase-7 |
| MVAC | methotrexate + vinblastine plus + doxorubicin + cisplatin |
| OS | overall survival |
| PFS | progression-free survival |
| UCCs | urothelial carcinoma cells |