Table 4.

Antioxidant activity of Hypochaeris and Hyoseris extracts.

Samples	β-Carotene Bleaching Test IC50 (µg/mL)		FRAP μMFe (II)/g	ABTS IC50 (µg/mL)	DPPH IC50 (µg/mL)
	t = 30 min	t = 60 min
Hypochaeris leavigata (HL)
HL1	46.7 ± 3.0 b	48.5 ± 3.1 b	84.4 ± 3.8 b	4.7 ± 0.8 c	24.7 ± 2.2 c
HL2	39.6 ± 2.3 c	30.1 ± 1.9 c	39.1 ± 3.4 c	7.9 ± 1.2 a	43.6 ± 3.5 a
HL3	48.7 ± 3.1 a	59.0 ± 3.6 a	92.6 ± 4.0 a	5.9 ± 0.9 b	37.6 ± 3.1 b
Sign.	**	**	**	**	**
Hypochaeris radicata (HR)
HR1	54.6 ± 3.3 b	58.5 ± 3.4 b	41.6 ± 3.2 c	7.8 ± 1.2 c	18.7 ± 1.5 c
HR2	48.1 ± 2.8 c	35.7 ± 1.4 c	53.8 ± 3.5 a	12.3 ± 1.5 a	41.6 ± 3.0 a
HR3	60.5 ± 3.8 a	63.9 ± 3.8 a	49.2 ± 3.5 b	13.7 ± 1.6 b	23.7 ± 1.9 b
Sign.	**	**	**	**	**
Hyoseris radiata (HRA)
HRA1	51.7 ± 3.5 a	41.7 ± 2.4 a	73.5 ± 4.1 a	8.8 ± 0.9 c	37.6 ± 2.2 b
HRA2	18.7 ± 1.3 c	14.1 ± 0.8 c	38.9 ± 3.1 c	11.8 ± 1.1 a	51.5 ± 3.2 a
HRA3	26.4 ± 1.6 b	29.2 ± 1.1 b	41.1 ± 2.9 b	10.1 ± 1.0 b	29.7 ± 2.0 c
Sign.	**	**	**	**	**
Hyoseris lucida subsp. taurina (HT)
HT1	84.7 ± 3.9 a	99.1 ± 4.2 a	54.7 ± 3.6 a	1.8 ± 0.3 c	33.6 ± 2.0 c
HT2	41.4 ± 2.1 b	23.8 ± 1.8 c	41.0 ± 3.1 c	4.1 ± 0.9 a	54.5 ± 3.2 a
HT3	39.1 ± 2.5 c	31.1 ± 2.1 b	53.2 ± 3.5 b	2.9 ± 0.5 b	42.6 ± 2.5 b
Sign.	**	**	**	**	**

Data are expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) (n = 3). 1: Extract fresh plant materials; 2: Extract plant materials after blanching; 3: Blanching water extract. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP); Antioxidant Capacity Determined by Radical Cation (ABTS+); DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity Assay. ^a: [100 μg/mL]. Propyl gallate (IC₅₀ = 0.09 ± 0.04 μg/mL after t = 30 min and t= 60 min of incubation) was used as control positive in β-carotene bleaching test, BHT (IC₅₀ = 63.2 ± 2.3 μMFe (II)/g) in FRAP assay and ascorbic acid in ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging test (IC₅₀ = 5.0 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL, respectively). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple range test was applied for statistical analysis. Different letters in the same column are significantly different ** at p < 0.01.