Table 2.
Associations between four obesity phenotypes, coronary artery calcification (CAC) burden (according to the CACS), and hs-CRP level.
| MHNO (n = 1793) | MUNO (n = 423) | MHO (n = 227) | MUO (n = 403) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| CACS | ||||
| Unadjusted | (reference) | 50.03 (31.03, 69.04) *** | 22.69 (−2.08, 47.45) | 64.48 (45.10, 83.86) *** |
| Model1 † | (reference) | 26.26 (7.45, 45.08) ** | 22.45 (−1.65, 46.56) | 50.01 (30.95, 69.06) *** |
| Model2 ‡ | (reference) | 25.46 (5.29, 45.63) * | 16.78 (−7.86, 41.41) | 43.55 (23.38, 63.73) *** |
| Subgroup effects | ||||
| Age, years ‡ | ||||
| <55 | (reference) | 9.93 (−6.45, 26.32) | 2.92 (−15.17, 21.02) | 33.67 (18.05, 49.30) *** |
| ≥55 | (reference) | 60.09 (6.34, 113.83) * | 80.27 (0.83, 159.72) * | 87.64 (29.66, 145.62) ** |
| Sex ‡ | ||||
| Female | (reference) | 31.85 (5.93, 57.77) * | 54.86 (21.79, 87.94) ** | 45.62 (13.48, 77.76) ** |
| Male | (reference) | 15.22 (−10.69, 41.12) | 7.03 (−23.90, 37.95) | 33.22 (8.65, 57.78) ** |
| Diabetes ‡ | ||||
| No | (reference) | 9.60 (−8.17, 27.38) | 17.90 (−2.81, 38.61) | 27.87 (10.01, 45.73) ** |
| Yes | (reference) | 159.88 (−19.92, 339.69) | −42.19 (−655.29, 570.92) | 165.35 (−11.14, 341.84) |
| Hypertension ‡ | ||||
| No | (reference) | 3.97 (−15.85, 23.79) | 20.80 (−1.00, 42.60) | 31.76 (11.39, 52.13) ** |
| Yes | (reference) | 42.26 (−22.53, 107.05) | −5.28 (−120.16, 109.59) | 36.42 (−26.33, 99.16) |
| CVD | ||||
| No | (reference) | 44.06 (27.31, 60.83) *** | 15.79 (−5.53, 37.11) | 52.39 (35.18, 69.60) *** |
| Yes | (reference) | 59.50 (−153.63, 272.65) | 219.79 (−163.06, 602.63) | 115.91 (−91.75, 323.58) |
| hs-CRP | ||||
| Unadjusted | (reference) | 0.10 (0.04, 0.15) ** | 0.08 (−0.0001, 0.15) | 0.16 (0.11, 0.22) *** |
| Model1 † | (reference) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) ** | 0.08 (−0.0003, 0.15) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.22) *** |
| Model2 ‡ | (reference) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) ** | 0.07 (−0.005, 0.15) | 0.14 (0.08, 0.20) *** |
| Subgroup effects | ||||
| Age, years ‡ | ||||
| <55 | (reference) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.18) ** | 0.15 (0.09, 0.21) *** |
| ≥55 | (reference) | 0.15 (0.02, 0.29) * | −0.03 (−0.21, 0.16) | 0.15 (0.004, 0.30) * |
| Sex ‡ | ||||
| Female | (reference) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.13) | 0.21 (0.09, 0.33) ** | 0.11 (0.0003, 0.,22) * |
| Male | (reference) | 0.08 (0.005, 0.16) * | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.13) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.22) *** |
| Diabetes ‡ | ||||
| No | (reference) | 0.07 (0.006, 0.13) * | 0.06 (−0.02, 0.13) | 0.15 (0.09, 0.22) *** |
| Yes | (reference) | 0.12 (−0.06, 0.29) | 0.94 (0.48, 1.41) *** | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.27) |
| Hypertension ‡ | ||||
| No | (reference) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.13) | 0.07 (−0.005, 0.15) | 0.15 (0.08, 0.22) *** |
| Yes | (reference) | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.21) | 0.08 (−0.20, 0.36) | 0.11 (−0.04, 0.26) |
| CVD | ||||
| No | (reference) | 0.06 (0.002, 0.12) * | 0.08 (0.003, 0.15) * | 0.14 (0.08, 0.20) *** |
| Yes | (reference) | 0.18 (−0.27, 0.62) | −0.02 (−0.73, 0.69) | 0.19 (−0.22, 0.59) |
n = number, β = regression coefficient, CI = confidence interval, MHNO = metabolically healthy non-obesity group, MUNO = metabolically unhealthy non-obesity group, MHO = metabolically healthy obesity group, MUO = metabolically unhealthy obesity group, DM = diabetes, HTN = hypertension, CACS = coronary artery calcification score, PCF = pericardial fat, TAT = thoracic peri-aortic adipose tissue. † Model 1 is adjusted for sex and age. ‡ Model 2 is adjusted for the Framingham score. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.