Table 1.

Apolipoproteins and neurodegenerative diseases.

Apolipoprotein	Synthesis	Lipoprotein	Function	Disease	Reference
Apo-AI	Intestine and liver	HDL	Cofactor for LCAT. Binding to the ABC-A1.	Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) (animal model); Alzheimer’s disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	[90,91,92]
Apo-AII	Liver	HDL	Atheroprotection	Senile amyloidosis (mice); Senile dementia;	[93,94]
Apo-AIV	Liver	CM; VLDL; HDL	Reverse cholesterol transport	Huntington’s disease	[95]
Apo-B48/B100	Small intestine; Liver	CM; VLDL; IDL; LDL	Formation of chylomicrons. Ligand for LDL receptor	Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD); Syphilitic dementia; Cerebral Amyloidosis; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	[90,96,97,98]
Apo-CI	Liver	VLDL; HDL	Minor LCAT activator.	Behavioral variant Frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD); Alzheimer’s disease	[88]
Apo-CII	Liver	CM; VLDL; HDL	Activator of lipoprotein lipase.
Apo-CIII	Liver	CM; VLDL; HDL	Inhibition of the clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase.	Mild cognitive impairment	[99,100]
Apo-D	CNS: Neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes.	HDL	Participation in lipid transport during both degeneration and regeneration processes.	Alzheimer’s disease; Multiple sclerosis; Parkinson’s disease;	[101,102,103]
Apo-E	Liver	CM; VLDL; HDL	Removal of Apos from plasma.	Alzheimer’s disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Multiple sclerosis	[80,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111]
Apo-J/Clusterin	CNS:(ependymal cells and some neurons)	HDL	Protection against oxidative stress.	Parkinson’s disease; Alzheimer’s disease; Multiple sclerosis	[112,113,114,115,116]

Abbreviation: ABC: ATP-binding cassette; CNS: Central nervous system; CM: Chylomicron; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; IDL: Intermediate-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein and LCAT: Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase.