Table 3.
Distribution of the antimicrobial resistant phenotype among Gram-negative organisms by bacterial species and tested antimicrobial agents.
| Antimicrobial Category | Antimicrobial Agent | E. coli | K. pneumoniae | A. baumannii | P. aeruginosa | Others Gram-Negative Organisms 1 | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 196 | (%) | N = 147 | (%) | N = 91 | (%) | N = 41 | (%) | N = 46 | (%) | N = 521 | (%) | ||
| Penicillins | AMP | 79 | (40.3) | 91 | (61.9) | 44 | (48.4) | 15 | (36.6) | 11 | (23.9) | 240 | (46.1) |
| Penicillins + β-lactamase inhibitors | AMX | 66 | (33.7) | 91 | (61.9) | 9 | (9.9) | 5 | (12.2) | 20 | (43.5) | 191 | (36.7) |
| TZP | 33 | (16.8) | 61 | (41.5) | 17 | (18.7) | 8 | (19.5) | 11 | (23.9) | 130 | (25) | |
| 2nd generation cephalosporins | CXM | 21 | (10.7) | 12 | (8.2) | 3 | (3.3) | - | - | 36 | (8.3) 2 | ||
| FOX | 16 | (8.2) | 35 | (23.8) | 20 | (22) | 2 | (4.9) | 3 | (6.5) | 76 | (14.6) | |
| 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins | CTX | 53 | (27) | 83 | (56.5) | 41 | (45.1) | 10 | (24.4) | 20 | (43.5) | 207 | (39.7) |
| CAZ | 59 | (30.1) | 84 | (57.1) | 8 | (8.8) | 7 | (17.1) | 19 | (41.3) | 177 | (34) | |
| CPM | 31 | (15.8) | 46 | (31.3) | 15 | (16.5) | 5 | (12.2) | 13 | (28.3) | 110 | (21.1) | |
| Aminoglycosides | AMK | 17 | (8.7) | 62 | (42.2) | 27 | (29.7) | 4 | (9.8) | 12 | (26.1) | 122 | (23.4) 2 |
| GEN | 63 | (32.1) | 77 | (52.4) | 51 | (56) | 9 | (22) | 14 | (30.4) | 214 | (41.1) | |
| Fluoroquinolones | CIP | 92 | (46.9) | 102 | (69.4) | 53 | (58.2) | 9 | (22) | 24 | (52.2) | 280 | (53.7) |
| Carbapenems | IMP | 13 | (6.6) | 45 | (30.6) | 16 | (17.6) | 2 | (4.9) | 5 | (10.9) | 81 | (15.5) |
| MEM | 17 | (8.7) | 54 | (36.7) | 23 | (25.3) | 5 | (12.2) | 10 | (21.7) | 109 | (20.9) | |
| ETP | 14 | (7.1) | 41 | (27.9) | 15 | (16.5) | 4 | (9.8) | 7 | (15.2) | 81 | (15.6) | |
| Glycylcyclines | TGC | 22 | (11.2) | 45 | (30.6) | 14 | (15.4) | 15 | (36.6) | 8 | (17.4) | 104 | (20) |
| Folate pathway inhibitors | SXT | 50 | (25.5) | 59 | (40.1) | 39 | (42.9) | 15 | (36.6) | 16 | (34.8) | 179 | (34.4) |
| Polymyxins | CST | 16 | (8.2) | 27 | (18.4) | 5 | (5.5) | 2 | (4.9) | 8 | (17.4) | 58 | (11.1) |
Abbreviations: AMX, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; AMK, amikacin; AMP, ampicillin, CTX, cefotaxime; CAZ, ceftazidime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CST, colistin; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; CPM, cefepime; CXM, cefuroxime and cefuroxime axetil; ETP, ertapenem; FOX, cefoxitina; GEN, gentamicin; IMP, imipenem; MEM, meropenem; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; TGC, tigecycline; NT: not tested. 1 Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens. 2 Percentages are calculated among the total tested organisms.