Figure 3.

Resource and production scale requirements for producing 8 billion doses of LNP formulated RNA drug substance per year. Variations in production efficiencies were modelled by changing the production titre by −20% for the low scenario, leaving it at the 5/L baseline value for the medium scenario and increasing it by +20% for the high scenario. The bar charts represent the results for medium scenario and the error bars show the results for the low and high scenarios. (A) Total capital investment cost (CapEx) and annual operating cost (OpEx) required to produce 8 billion doses of RNA DS per annum for the five RNA vaccine types. The five vaccine types, their characteristics and cost-modelling results are shown in the table belonging to the x-axis. (B). Total production scales expressed in L of bioreactor working volume and the number of batches required to meet the RNA DS annual demand of 8 billion doses for the five RNA vaccine types. The five vaccine types and their common techno-economically feasible scales are shown in the table belonging to the x-axis. Additionally, this table also shows the total production scales required for meeting the 8 billion dose of DS annual demand and the number of facilities required to meet the same demand, assuming one production line at the techno-economically feasible scale per facility.