Table 2.

Convergence and divergence in the attitudes of GPs and CPs about AMS programs and collaborative implementation.

Survey Items	CP’s Agreement		GP’s Agreement		p-Value	95% CI
AMS programs
I am familiar with the term antimicrobial stewardship (AMS)	72.9	447/613	68.9	266/386	0.1735	−1.72% to 9.85%
AMS programs in my practice will significantly reduce inappropriate use of antimicrobials	66.8	409/612	61.7	237/384	0.1010	−0.97% to 11.23%
AMS programs will reduce health care costs associated with infections	83	508/612	70.8	273/383	< 0.0001	6.82% to 17.69%
Individual efforts at AMS have minimal impact on the problem of antimicrobial resistance	32.7	200/612	24.6	204/383	<0.0065	2.29% to 13.66%
I require adequate training to undertake AMS	76.5	468/612	46.4	179/385	<0.0001	23.99% to 35.96%
Use of AMS strategies
I use national antimicrobial guidelines when prescribing/dispensing antimicrobials to my patients	45.5	274/602	83.2	321/385	<0.0001	32.00% to 42.90%
I educate my patients or their carers about unintended consequences of antimicrobial use like antimicrobial resistance, impact on gut microbiota etc.	76.8	467/608	82.4	316/383	0.0353	0.38% to 10.55%
I share patient information leaflets about infections when I counsel my patients or carers who require antimicrobials or may have an infection	24.5	149/608	20.2	78/384	0.1162	−1.09% to 9.45%
I use rapid point-of-care tests to guide my clinical decision about whether to prescribe/dispense an antibiotic to the patients with pharyngitis or the flu	19.1	114/596	18.4	71/382	0.7848	−4.42% to 5.59%
Attitudes towards GP–pharmacist collaboration
Improving AMS in the community will need a policy that supports better collaboration between general practice and pharmacy	92.4	560/606	60.9	235/381	<0.0001	26.16% to 36.81%
Pharmacists with knowledge of antimicrobials and infections should attend regular group meetings of GPs within general practice clinic to discuss antimicrobial pharmacotherapy	82.5	509/605	54.9	212/381	<0.0001	21.71% to 33.35%
GPs should be receptive to pharmacists providing advice about the choice of antimicrobial prescribed	92.6	561/606	63	195/382	<0.0001	24.34% to 34.87%
GPs should be receptive to pharmacists making recommendations in consultation to the doses or formulations of the antimicrobial prescribed	93.6	567/606	50.5	244/381	<0.0001	37.63% to 48.37%
A pharmacist co-located within general practice can help optimise antimicrobial therapy of patients with infections	79.5	482/606	39.8	154/382	<0.0001	33.66% to 45.35%
An electronic prescription exchange technology between GP and pharmacy should be introduced for reviewing the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions	74.3	449/605	26.3	140/382	<0.0001	42.11% to 53.32%
The “My Health Record” could improve communication between GPs and community pharmacists about antimicrobial prescriptions	67.2	416/604	30.9	119/382	<0.0001	30.14% to 42.01%
Future needs to practice AMS
I would be willing to participate in a program of training focused on AMS	87.3	529/606	72	278/386	<0.0001	10.16% to 20.56%
I support the introduction of standard guidelines to assist in the implementation of AMS programs	93.6	566/605	80	309/386	<0.0001	9.28% to 18.19%
I support a policy that limits accessibility of some antimicrobials in the community	69.5	420/604	74.4	287/386	0.0962	−0.88% to 10.47%
Professional GP/pharmacy organisations should define my roles and responsibilities regarding AMS activities	74.6	449/602	39.9	153/382	<0.0001	28.53% to 40.52%
I support the involvement of a specialist physician and a pharmacist providing individualised antimicrobial prescribing advice and feedback to GPs	86.5	523/604	46.1	178/386	<0.0001	34.60% to 45.90%