Table 2.

Characteristics of studies related to COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis patients.

Authors	Year	Journal	Date (M/D)	Country	City	Study Design	Setting	Duration	Confirmatory Test	Preventive Strategies	Quality Score	Reference
Yau K, et al	2020	Am J Kidney Dis	07/19	Canada	Toronto	Prospective	HD centers	15	RT−PCR	PPE, quarantine, and isolation gowns	13	[14]
Wang H, et al	2020	Kidney Med	04/16	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	Hospital	34	RT-PCR + serology + CT	Timely upgrading of personal protection measures, quarantine and isolation	8	[15]
Su K, et al	2020	Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol	04/24	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	HD centers	26	RT-PCR + serology + CT	Isolation ward, quarantine	9	[16]
Xiong F, et al	2020	J Am Soc Nephrol	05/10	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	Hospital	69	RT−PCR	Medical mask, isolation	14	[17]
Wu J, et al	2020	Clin J Am Soc Nephrol	05/24	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	Hospital	40	RT−PCR	Isolation	13	[18]
Li J, et al (1)	2020	Kidney Disease	05/25	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	Hospital	17	RT−PCR + CT	Isolation in a dedicated area	12	[13]
Li J, et al (2)	2020	Kidney Disease	05/25	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	HD centers	13	RT−PCR + CT	N/A	12	[13]
Wang R, et al	2020	Am J Kidney Dis	05/31	China	Wuhan	Case series	HD centers	N/A	RT−PCR	Surgical or N95 masks	12	[19]
Ma Y, et al	2020	Kidney Int Rep	06/09	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	Hospital	58	RT−PCR+ CT	Patients: N95 mask, quarantine or Isolation. Staff: PPE	12	[20]
Tang H, et al	2020	Am J Kidney Dis	07/03	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	HD centers	121	RT−PCR, serology	N/A	15	[21]
Wang R, et al	2020	Clin Kidney J	07/23	China	Wuhan	Retrospective	Hospital	86	RT−PCR, RT−PCR + CT	Patient: mask. Staff: Waterproof disposable gown, cap, gloves, face shield and N95 face mask	11	[22]
Tortonese S, et al	2020	Kidney Int Rep	07/18	France	Paris	Retrospective	Hospital	61	RT−PCR + CT	Mask	12	[23]
Alberici F, et al	2020	Kidney Int Rep	04/04	Italy	Brescia	Case series	Hospital	N/A	RT−PCR	N/A	11	[24]
Manganaro M, et al	2020	J Nephrol	04/12	Italy	Piedmont/ Aosta Valley	Retrospective	Hospital	35	CXR *	Surgical masks, hand disinfection	8	[25]
Scarpioni R, et al	2020	G Ital Nefrol	04/14	Italy	Piacenza	Retrospective	Hospital	N/A	RT−PCR, CT	Mask, alcohol-based sanitizer, changing clothes and shoes	3	[26]
Esposito P, et al	2020	Hemodial Int	05/05	Italy	Genoa	Retrospective	HD centers	N/A	RT−PCR	Handwashing, use of PPE	9	[27]
Alberici F, et al		Kidney Int	05/08	Italy	Brescia	Retrospective	HD centers	33	RT−PCR	N/A	14	[28]
Quintaliani G, et al	2020	J Nephrol	07/03	Italy	Nationwide	Retrospective	HD centers	59	RT−PCR	N/A	10	[29]
La Milia V, et al	2020	Kidney Int Rep	07/10	Italy	Lombardy	Prospective	Hospital/ HD centers	22	RT−PCR	Upgrade of PPE	11	[30]
Kikuchi K, et al	2020	Ther Apher Dial	06/09	Japan	Nationwide	Prospective	Hospital/ HD centers	89	RT−PCR, CT	Mask, sufficient distance	15	[31]
Cho JH, et al	2020	J Am Soc Nephrol	06/01	Korea	Daegu	Retrospective	HD centers	24	RT−PCR	Mask, hand sanitizer, cohort isolation, notify first	15	[32]
Jung HY, et al	2020	J Clin Med	06/02	Korea	Daegu	Prospective	Hospital	89	RT−PCR	Mask, isolation in negative pressure room	17	[33]
Sánchez-A JE, et al	2020	Nefrologia	04/06	Spain	Nationwide	Prospective	HD centers	24	RT−PCR	N/A	17	[34]
Albalate M, et al	2020	Nefrologia	04/30	Spain	Madrid	Retrospective	Hospital	35	RT−PCR	Mask, alcohol-based sanitizer	10	[35]
Goicoechea M, et al	2020	Kidney Int	05/11	Spain	Madrid	Retrospective	Hospital	29	RT−PCR	N/A	12	[36]
Sánchez-P P, et al	2020	Nefrologia	07/06	Spain	Valencia	Prospective	Hospital/HD centers	45	RT−PCR	PPE, isolation	17	[37]
Arslan H, et al	2020	Exp Clin Transplant	06/11	Turkey	Ankara	Retrospective	HD centers	N/A	RT−PCR + CT	N/A	13	[38]
Corbett RW, et al	2020	J Am Soc Nephrol	06/19	UK	London	Prospective	HD centers	42	RT−PCR	Mask, isolation units	16	[39]
Valeri AM, et al	2020	J Am Soc Nephrol	05/28	USA	New York	Retrospective	Hospital	30	RT−PCR	Staff: Mask, PPE	15	[40]
Fisher M, et al	2020	Kidney360	06/17	USA	New York	Retrospective	Hospital	44	RT−PCR	N/A	14	[41]

Abbreviation: PPE: Personal protective equipment (including masking gloves, face shields, masks, disposable gowns, caps); RT-PCR, Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; CT: Chest computed tomography; CXR, Chest X-ray; Ref, reference. * COVID-19 infection was confirmed if signs of interstitial pneumonia presented on chest radiography, nucleic acid testing was performed only in person having contact history with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. Duration: denoted observation period, expressed in days. Quality score indicates the number of positive answers in the case-series appraisal sheets. The study of Li J et al. reported two independent cohorts, which were analyzed separately for meta-analysis.