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. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):36. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10010036

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Virus antigens and nanoparticle network. (A) Use of structural and non-structural proteins of medically important arboviruses to develop vaccine-based nanoparticles. (B) Bipartite network graph showing a spatially connected network among the type of material used to develop nanoparticles and the vaccine approaches. Each node represents a type of nanoparticle material or the vaccine approach used. The nodes’ diameter is proportional to the edge degree. The layout was generated using a force-based algorithm followed by manual rearrangement for better visualization of the connections. Legend: ABP: Amyloid beta-protein; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CaCl2: Calcium chloride; CapH: Calcium phosphate; Carb: carbon; CHIKV: Chikungunya virus; CHIT: chitosan; CpG: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide; DENV: Dengue virus; HBAg: Hepatitis B antigen; IPEI: polyethyleneimine; IV: Whole inactivated virus; JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus; LPP: lipoprotein; LPP: lipoprotein; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; PAA: poly(amido amine); PEG: Polyethylene glycol; Pep: Peptide; PGGA: poly(gamma-glutamic acid); PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); RVV: recombinant viral vector; VLP: Virus-like particles; WNV: West Nile virus; ZIKV: Zika virus.

Virus antigens and nanoparticle network. (A) Use of structural and non-structural proteins of medically important arboviruses to develop vaccine-based nanoparticles. (B) Bipartite network graph showing a spatially connected network among the type of material used to develop nanoparticles and the vaccine approaches. Each node represents a type of nanoparticle material or the vaccine approach used. The nodes’ diameter is proportional to the edge degree. The layout was generated using a force-based algorithm followed by manual rearrangement for better visualization of the connections. Legend: ABP: Amyloid beta-protein; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CaCl2: Calcium chloride; CapH: Calcium phosphate; Carb: carbon; CHIKV: Chikungunya virus; CHIT: chitosan; CpG: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide; DENV: Dengue virus; HBAg: Hepatitis B antigen; IPEI: polyethyleneimine; IV: Whole inactivated virus; JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus; LPP: lipoprotein; LPP: lipoprotein; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; PAA: poly(amido amine); PEG: Polyethylene glycol; Pep: Peptide; PGGA: poly(gamma-glutamic acid); PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); RVV: recombinant viral vector; VLP: Virus-like particles; WNV: West Nile virus; ZIKV: Zika virus.