Table 1.

Clinical and preclinical effects of NMDAR and AMPAR autoantibodies.

Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Subunit	GluN1	GluN2B	GluA1	GluA2	GluA3
Main clinical syndromes	Anti-NMDAR encephalitis	Rasmussen encephalitis, West syndrome	Limbic encephalitis, epilepsy		Rasmussen’s encephalitis, epilepsy, frontotemporal dementia
Main clinical symptoms	Memory and behavioral disturbances, seizures, psychosis, sleep disorders	Seizures	Cognitive deficits, anxiety, sleep disturbances, mood disturbances and epilepsy		Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, seizures
Molecular-functional effects (in vitro)	Decreased NMDAR synaptic clusters and currents	Mostly unknown	Decreased AMPAR synaptic levels	Decreased AMPAR synaptic levels and currents	AMPAR internalization, spine loss
Molecular-functional effects (animal models; ex vivo)	Synaptic plasticity impairment, memory deficits, depressive-like behavior	Mostly unknown	Mostly unknown	AMPAR internalization, synaptic plasticity impairment, memory deficits, depressive-like behavior	AMPAR internalization, reduced intracortical facilitation