Table 2.
Summary statistics of variables by the Non-Self-Help Group [Non-member] Household and Self-Help Group [SHG] Households with n = 17,232 eligible women
| Variable | Summary Statistics (N = 17,232) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-member Households n (%) |
SHG Households n (%) |
||
| Independent Variables: Program Exposure Characteristics | |||
| 1. | Level of Household (HH) Microfinance (MF) Exposure | 10,088 (59%) | 7144 (41%) |
| HH in a village with no SHG, no health intervention (Pure control-reference) | 3705 (36%) | – | |
| Non-Member Household in a village with SHG only program | 3344 (33%) | – | |
| Non-Member Household in a village with SHG plus health intervention | 3039 (30%) | – | |
| SHG: Member Household in a village with SHG only intervention | – | 3622 (51%) | |
| SHG plus Health: Member Household in a village with SHG plus Health intervention | – | 3522 (49%) | |
| 2. | Evaluation Survey Round | ||
| Round 1/ 2015 (=0) | 5454 (54%) | 3269 (45%) | |
| Round 2/−2017 (=1) | 4634 (45%) | 3875 (54%) | |
| Independent Variables: Individual Health and Health System Characteristics | |||
| 3. | Parity (number of previous pregnancies) of Eligible Woman | Mean = 2.4 (SD = 1.4) | Mean = 2.4 (SD = 1.4) |
| 4. | Any Past Pregnancy Loss (due to spontaneous/induced abortion) | 2548(25%) | 1888(26%) |
| 5. | Any Complication experienced in last pregnancy/labour or post-partum | 4779 (47%) | 3435 (48%) |
| 6. | Eligible woman’s correct knowledge of the minimum number of ANC required during pregnancy | 3714 (37%) | 2760 (39%) |
| 7. | Received Four or more Antenatal Check-up (ANC) in last pregnancy with urine/blood pressure /weight/abdominal/ultrasound test in last ANC) | 2666 (26%) | 2077 (29%) |
| 8. | Place of Last Delivery | ||
| Home Delivery (reference) | 1739 (17%) | 1198 (17%) | |
| Institutional Delivery | 8349 (83%) | 5946 (83%) | |
| 9. | Duration (in hours) of stay in Health Facility immediately after delivery | ||
| 1. Home Delivery (reference) | 1739(17%) | 1198(17%) | |
| 2. Discharged within 12 h | 5596(56%) | 4125(58%) | |
| 3. Discharged between 12 and 24 h | 1134(11%) | 795(11%) | |
| 4. Discharged between 24 and 48 h | 719(7%) | 506(7%) | |
| 5. Discharged between 48 and 72 h | 283(3%) | 146(2%) | |
| 6. Discharged after > 72 h | 617(6%) | 374(5%) | |
| 10. | Received 3 PNC in first 7 Days after Delivery | ||
| Not Received | 9180 (91%) | 6485 (91%) | |
| Received 3 PNC in first 7 Days after Delivery | 908(9%) | 659(%) | |
| 11. | Number of contact with ASHA/ANM/AWW/SHG in last pregnancy | Mean = 4.0 (SD = 5.4) | Mean = 4.23 (SD = 5.4) |
| 12. | Distance (Kms) to Primary health Centre if not available in the village | Mean = 5.4 (SD = 4.9) | Mean = 5.4 (SD = 4.7) |
| Independent Variables: Sociodemographic/Economic, and Area Level Characteristics | |||
| 13. | Distance (Kms) to closest town | Mean = 1.47 (SD = 0.79) | Mean = 1.49 (SD = 0.75) |
| 14. | Population of Village | Mean = 5153 (SD = 5135) | Mean = 5140 (SD = 5114) |
| 15. | Household (HH) with Below Poverty Line (BPL) Card | ||
| HH without BPL Card -reference | 5590(55%) | 3830(54%) | |
| HH with BPL Card | 4498(45%) | 3314(46%) | |
| 16. | Household Wealth Quintile (Poor to Poorest) | ||
| 1. Marginally Poor | 1982(20%) | 1498(21%) | |
| 2. Moderately Poor | 2046(20%) | 1502(21%) | |
| 3. Poor | 1992(20%) | 1469(20%) | |
| 4. Poorer | 2029(20%) | 1395(20%) | |
| 5. Poorest | 2039(20%) | 1280(18%) | |
| 17. | Eligible Woman Presently Working to earn in cash, in kind or both | ||
| Not Working | 8427(53%) | 5935(83%) | |
| presently working | 1661(16%) | 1209(17%) | |
| 18. | Family Type | ||
| Nuclear (reference) | 4274 (42%) | 2886 (40%) | |
| Joint and Extended Family | 5814 (58%) | 4258 (60%) | |
| 19. | Religion | ||
| Muslim (reference) | 815 (8%) | 601 (8%) | |
| Hinduism and Others | 9273 (92%) | 6543 (92%) | |
| 20. | Scheduled Caste | ||
| General Caste | 1247 (12%) | 873 (12%) | |
| Other Backward Caste | 4358 (43%) | 3072 (43%) | |
| Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe | 4483 (45%) | 3199 (45%) | |
| 21. | Eligible Woman (EW) Age in completed years | Mean = 25 (SD = 4.56) | Mean = 25 (SD = 4.55) |
| 22. | Eligible Woman’s (EW’s) Education Level | ||
| No schooling (reference) | 3415 (34%) | 2347 (33%) | |
| Completed Primary/Middle School (up to year nine) and above | 6673 (66%) | 4797 (67%) | |
| 23. | EW’s Husband Education Level | ||
| No schooling (reference) | 1731 (17%) | 1209 (17%) | |
| Completed Primary/Middle School (up to year nine) and above | 8357 (83%) | 5935 (83%) | |
| Dependent Variable | |||
| 24. | Eligible Woman’s Knowledge of Maternal Danger sign | 10,088 (59%) | 7144 (41%) |
| No knowledge or partial knowledge (reference) | 3164 (31%) | 1902 (27%) | |
| Full Knowledge of Danger signs (in pregnancy/delivery/post-delivery up to 42 days) | 6924 (69%) | 5242 (73%) | |
Acronyms: Eligible woman (EW), Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)/Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) Anganwadi worker (AWW)-ASHA/ANM &AWW are Government health workers situated in villages as per population guidelines and provide preventative maternal, child and other health services