Table 3.
Participant Demographic, Clinical, and Neuropsychological Measures
| FEP | HC | Test Statistic | P | AH+ | AH- | Test Statistic | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 40 | 32 | - | - | 23 | 17 | - | - |
| Age | 22.41 ± 4.49 | 21.00 ± 3.57 | t 70 = 1.43 | .153 | 21.75 ± 458 | 23.29 ± 4.33 | t 38 = 1.07 | .288 |
| Gender | 28 M / 12 F | 22 M / 10 F | χ 2 = .013 | .909 | 18 M / 5 F | 10 M / 7 F | χ 2 = 0.1759 | .185 |
| Handedness | 33 R / 5 L / 1 M / 1 Missing | 29 R / 3 L | χ 2 = .189 | .595 | 18 R / 3 L / 1M / 1 Missing | 15 R / 2 L | χ 2 = 1.609 | .657 |
| SES | 32.03 ± 15.07 | 32.38 ± 12.97 | t 68 = −0.103 | .918 | 29.95 ± 14.12 | 34.59 ± 16.22 | t 36 = 0.942 | .353 |
| Parental SES | 43.45 ± 15.15 | 48.44 ± 13.36 | t 67 = −1.44 | .154 | 43.48 ± 12.31 | 43.41 ± 18.68 | t (24.54) = −0.013 | .990 |
| Education (y) | 13.21 ± 2.62 | 13.69 ± 2.79 | t 69 = −0.750 | .456 | 12.95 ± 2.92 | 13.53 ± 2.21 | t 37 = 0.675 | .504 |
| WASI IQ | 105.45 ± 14.85 | 107.34 ± 9.46 | t (66.92) = −0.626 | .533 | 107.13 ± 15.21 | 103.18 ± 14.49 | t 38 = −0.829 | .412 |
| MCCB total | 39.25 ± 15.76 | 48.59 ± 7.26 | t (50.46) = −3.20 | .002 | 39.32 ± 16.18 | 39.14 ± 15.67 | t 34 = −0.032 | .975 |
| Processing speed | 44.49 ± 15.86 | 50.88 ± 7.37 | t (52.43) = −2.191 | .033 | 44.68 ± 17.93 | 44.20 ± 12.84 | t 35 = −0.089 | .929 |
| Attention/vigilance | 41.22 ± 12.24 | 46.47 ± 8.68 | t (63.01) = −2.055 | .044 | 40.68 ± 12.86 | 42.07 ± 11.63 | t 34 = 0.328 | .745 |
| Working memory | 42.68 ± 13.29 | 45.56 ± 9.42 | t (64.62) = −1.051 | .297 | 42.55 ± 14.35 | 42.87 ± 12.06 | t 35 = 0.071 | .944 |
| Verbal learning | 45.14 ± 11.67 | 50.94 ± 9.44 | t 67 = −2.247 | .028 | 44.86 ± 11.66 | 45.53 ± 12.09 | t 35 = 0.169 | .847 |
| Visual learning | 40.87 ± 13.44 | 45.59 ± 7.06 | t (56.00) = −1.87 | .066 | 39.64 ± 13.13 | 42.60 ± 14.16 | t 35 = 0.653 | .518 |
| Reasoning | 46.57 ± 11.32 | 50.91 ± 6.35 | t (58.04) = −2.00 | .050 | 48.00 ± 11.23 | 44.47 ± 11.49 | t 35 = −0.931 | .358 |
| Social cognition | 43.70 ± 14.39 | 54.50 ± 7.86 | t (57.34) = −3.94 | .000 | 44.00 ± 15.76 | 43.27 ± 12.62 | t 35 = −0.150 | .881 |
| PANSS total | 71.54 ± 15.05 | - | - | - | 76.50 ± 15.95 | 64.93 ± 11.09 | t 33 = −2.403 | .022 |
| PANSS positive | 19.06 ± 5.63 | - | - | - | 20.85 ± 5.44 | 16.67 ± 5.09 | t 33 = −2.31 | .027 |
| PANSS negative | 15.54 ± 5.29 | - | - | - | 17.15 ± 5.50 | 13.40 ± 4.27 | t 33 = −0.2189 | .036 |
| SANS global | 9.25 ± 2.96 | - | - | - | 10.00 ± 3.06 | 8.24 ± 2.54 | t 38 = −1.91 | .064 |
| SAPS global | 6.18 ± 3.35 | - | - | - | 7.26 ± 3.09 | 4.71 ± 3.12 | t 38 = −2.55 | .015 |
| GF:S current | 5.83 ± 1.85 | 9.02 ± 0.204 | t (40.21) = −10.81 | .000 | 5.39 ± 1.83 | 6.41 ± 1.77 | t 38 = 1.77 | .085 |
| Low | 5.78 ± 1.87 | 8.98 ± 0.157 | t (39.71) = −10.78 | .000 | 5.39 ± 1.97 | 6.29 ± 1.65 | t 38 = 1.53 | .134 |
| High | 7.48 ± 1.20 | 9.03 ± 0.180 | t (41.25) = −8.01 | .000 | 7.17 ± 1.19 | 7.82 ± 1.11 | t 38 = 1.91 | .064 |
| GF:R current | 5.95 ± 2.28 | 9.00 ± 0.408 | t (42.41) = −8.31 | .000 | 5.65 ± 2.50 | 6.35 ± 1.93 | t 38 = 0.962 | .342 |
| Low | 5.78 ± 2.20 | 8.95 ± 0.373 | t (41.87) = −8.96 | .000 | 5.52 ± 2.45 | 6.12 ± 1.83 | t 38 = 0.140 | .404 |
| High | 7.55 ± 1.36 | 9.07 ± 0.170 | t (40.58) = −6.98 | .000 | 7.34 ± 1.42 | 7.82 ± 1.23 | t 38 = 0.129 | .279 |
| SFS | 99.24 ± 11.31 | 104.94 ± 12.56 | t 67 = −1.98 | .055 | 97.07 ± 11.86 | 102.57 ± 9.86 | t 36 = 1.49 | .145 |
Note: FEP, first-episode psychosis; HC, healthy comparison subjects; AH+, FEP with hallucinations; AH-, FEP without hallucinations; SES, Socioeconomic status; WASI IQ, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Intelligence Quotient; MCCB, Matrics Consensus Cognitive battery; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; GF:S = Global functioning: Social; GF:R, Global functioning: Role; SFS, Social Functioning Scale.