Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Total | Boys | Girls | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 57,069 | 29,694 | 27,375 | ||
| Grade | Middle school | 47.9 (0.8) | 47.8 (1.5) | 48.1 (1.6) | 0.910 |
| High school | 52.1 (0.8) | 52.2 (1.5) | 51.9 (1.6) | ||
| Self-reported scholastic performance | Good–middle | 68.2 (0.3) | 68.5 (0.4) | 67.9 (0.4) | 0.207 |
| Bad | 31.8 (0.3) | 31.5 (0.4) | 32.1 (0.4) | ||
| Risky alcohol drinking | Yes | 7.7 (0.2) | 8.0 (0.3) | 7.4 (0.3) | 0.099 |
| No | 92.3 (0.2) | 92.0 (0.3) | 92.6 (0.3) | ||
| Substance abuse | Yes | 1.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.203 |
| No | 99.0 (0.0) | 99.0 (0.1) | 99.1 (0.1) | ||
| Lack of exercise | Yes | 85.3 (0.3) | 78.5 (0.3) | 92.7 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| No | 14.7 (0.3) | 21.5 (0.3) | 7.3 (0.2) | ||
| Self-perceived socioeconomic status | High | 11.1 (0.2) | 13.4 (0.3) | 8.6 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| High middle | 28.6 (0.3) | 28.9 (0.4) | 28.1 (0.4) | ||
| Middle | 47.9 (0.3) | 45.4 (0.4) | 50.5 (0.4) | ||
| Low middle | 10.4 (0.2) | 9.8 (0.2) | 11.0 (0.3) | ||
| Low | 2.1 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.1) | 1.8 (0.1) | ||
| Subjective health status | Good–Normal | 92.6 (0.1) | 94.2 (0.2) | 90.8 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Poor | 7.4 (0.1) | 5.8 (0.2) | 9.2 (0.2) | ||
| Stress | Yes | 80.9 (0.3) | 74.9 (0.3) | 87.4 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 19.1 (0.3) | 25.1 (0.3) | 12.6 (0.3) | ||
| Violent events | Yes | 2.3 (0.1) | 3.2 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| No | 97.7 (0.1) | 96.8 (0.1) | 98.6 (0.1) | ||
| Tobacco product use | Never users | 86.3 (0.3) | 81.0 (0.4) | 92.1 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Former users | 6.5 (0.2) | 8.9 (0.2) | 3.9 (0.2) | ||
| Only CC users | 3.4 (0.1) | 4.3 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.2) | ||
| Only EC users | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.0) | ||
| Only HTP users | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | ||
| CC + EC users | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | ||
| CC + HTP users | 0.7 (0.0) | 1.1 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.0) | ||
| EC + HTP users | 0.2 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | ||
| CC + EC + HTP users | 1.6 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) |
Note. CC: combustible cigarettes; EC: electronic cigarettes; HTP: heated tobacco products. Data are presented as percentages (SE).