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. 2021 Jan 21;9(1):e001481. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001481

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Analysis of cell death induction and detection of hallmarks of immunogenic cell death triggered by FIC-PDT in B16F10 cells. (A) Dying or dead B16F10 cells after FIC-PDT treatment with varying concentrations of FIC. The percentage represents early (PI-negative) and late (PI-positive) apoptosis. (B) Flow cytometric analyses of CRT expression on the surface of cell membrane-gated PI^- intact cells. Data are presented as the relative mean fluorescence intensity. (C) Immunoblotting of HMGB1 and HSP70 released in conditioned media after FIC-PDT treatment or not. (D) Quantification of secreted ATP from FIC-PDT treated B16F10 cells. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posthoc test was used for statistical analysis; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Data are presented as the mean±SD. ANOVA, analysis of variance; CRT, Calreticulin; FIC-PDT, PDT with Ce6-embedded nanophotosensitizer; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PI, propidium iodide.