Table 6.
Effect of dietary treatment on the levels of estradiol, leptin, GLP1, calprotectin, and zona occludens-1 in the serum from sows and piglets.
| T1 | T2 | T3 | LSD | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sows | |||||
| Day 109 of gestation | |||||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) 1 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | * | * |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.43 | 0.11 |
| GLP1 (pg/mL) | 25.1 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 20.49 | 0.73 |
| Calprotectin (ng/mL) | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.16 | 0.48 |
| ZO-1 (ng/mL) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.18 | 0.89 |
| Day 26 weaning | |||||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 31.2 b | 27.3 ab | 20.9 a | 7.79 | 0.04 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 1.6 b | 1.3 a | 1.0 a | 0.31 | <0.01 |
| GLP1 (pg/mL) | 24.5 | 10.1 | 14.6 | 18.54 | 0.26 |
| Calprotectin (ng/mL) | 11.2 | 18.2 | 19.6 | 17.71 | 0.56 |
| ZO-1 (ng/mL) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.72 | 0.31 |
| Piglets | |||||
| Day 26 weaning | |||||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 77.1 b | 40.0 a | 45.2 a | 29.72 | 0.04 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 4.1 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 2.58 | 0.49 |
| GLP1 (pg/mL) | 17.5 c | 12.0 b | 5.1 a | 5.24 | <0.001 |
| Calprotectin (ng/mL) | 13.4 a | 19.0 ab | 20.5 b | 5.77 | <0.01 |
| ZO-1 (ng/mL) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.44 | 0.60 |
a–c Different superscripts indicate significant differences among treatments (p ≤ 0.05). T1: LoZEN from d109 gestation until d26 of lactation. T2: LoZEN from d109 gestation until farrowing and HiZEN from farrowing until d26 of lactation. T3: HiZEN from d109 gestation until d26 of lactation. 1 Measured levels were above the maximum of quantification; * Not possible to perform statistical analysis.