Table 1.
Comparison of the characteristics of the LoFlo + HiEx, HiFlo + HiEx, LoFlo + LoEx, and HiFlo + LoEx groups.
| LoFlo + HiEx Group |
HiFlo + HiEx Group |
LoFlo + LoEx Group |
HiFlo + LoEx Group |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 50 | 78 | 69 | 38 | |
| male, % | 96 | 87.2 | 92.8 | 94.7 | |
| age, years old | 69.1 ± 10.0 | 71.9 ± 7.3 | 75.7 ± 7.8 | 79.2 ± 7.3 | ††, ‡‡ |
| %FEV1.0, % | 36.0 ± 7.9 | 74.5 ± 16.8 | 33.2 ± 9.6 | 74.4 ± 17.6 | **, ‡‡, |||| |
| 6MWD, m | 433 ± 59 | 456 ± 71 | 225 ± 99 | 252 ± 68 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| %FVC, % | 72.7 ± 19.3 | 91.7 ± 16.1 | 59.4 ± 16.1 | 86.1 ± 21.9 | **, ††, ‡‡, |||| |
| %MEP, % | 96.5 ± 35.7 | 89.0 ± 32.9 | 65.0 ± 32.0 | 65.0 ± 32.2 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| %MIP, % | 95.4 ± 41.3 | 90.9 ± 35.2 | 71.3 ± 40.5 | 67.0 ± 31.8 | †, ‡‡, § |
| %IBW, % | 99.1 ± 18.9 | 100.9 ± 17.1 | 91.1 ± 18.9 | 97.2 ± 15.9 | |
| mMRC | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | **, ††, ‡, §§, || |
| GP, kg | 34.2 ± 7.6 | 30.2 ± 8.3 | 25.2 ± 7.6 | 24.8 ± 7.4 | *, ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| %KE, % | 60.5 ± 15.3 | 55.3 ± 14.2 | 44.2 ± 14.3 | 45.1 ± 10.7 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| MGS, m/min | 113.6 ± 20.3 | 114.0 ± 22.3 | 81.0 ± 27.1 | 86.1 ± 18.0 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| TUG, sec | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 9.7 ± 5.2 | 9.5 ± 4.0 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| CS-30, times | 18.0 ± 4.2 | 18.2 ± 4.3 | 12.0 ± 4.7 | 12.6 ± 3.3 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| ISWD, m | 404 ± 125 | 446 ± 156 | 193 ± 90 | 197 ± 95 | ††, ‡‡, §§ |
| NRADA, points | 80.5 ± 13.8 | 88.5 ± 12.9 | 54.7 ± 22.7 | 67.0 ± 20.5 | ††, ‡‡, §§, |||| |
| SGRQ points | 43.2 ± 17.1 | 34.9 ±1 7.5 | 55.8 ± 17.0 | 41.7 ± 13.3 | ††, |||| |
| HADS(A), points (n = 86) | 6.2 ± 2.8 | 4.4 ± 3.0 | 6.0 ± 3.6 | 5.7 ± 3.9 | |
| HADS(D), points (n = 86) | 7.9 ± 3.4 | 5.8 ± 3.0 | 8.2 ± 3.7 | 7.4 ± 2.9 |
Values are mean ± SD. *: LoFlo + HiEx vs. HiFlo + HiEx, p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01. †: LoFlo + HiEx vs. LoFlo + LoEx, p < 0.05, ††: p < 0.01. ‡: LoFlo + HiEx vs. HiFlo + LoEx, p < 0.05, ‡‡: p < 0.01. §: HiFlo + HiEx vs. HiFlo + LoEx, p < 0.05, §§: p < 0.01. ||: LoFlo + LoEx vs. HiFlo + LoEx, p < 0.05, || ||: p < 0.01. %FEV1.0, percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s; %FVC, percentage of predicted forced vital capacity; %IBW, body weight divided by standard body weight; %KE, ratio of knee extension strength to body weight; %MEP, ratio of maximal expiratory pressure to body weight; %MIP, ratio of maximal inspiratory pressure to body weight; 6MWD, six-minute walking distance; CS-30, 30-s chair stand times; GP, grip power; HADS (A), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety); HADS (D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Depression); ISWD, incremental shuttle walking distance; MGS, maximum gait speed; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; NRADL, Nagasaki University Respiratory ADL questionnaire; SGRQ, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TUG, timed up and go time.