Table 2.
The association of hypertension diagnosis with patient health-related habits and attendance patterns among the study population and among the age-, sex- and smoking-matched sub-population.
| Parameter | Variable | Hypertension (N = 3363) No.(%) | Comparison to Those without Hypertension among the Whole Study Population (N = 129,166) | Comparison to Age-, Sex- and Smoking-Matched Group without Hypertension (N = 10,089) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Hypertension No. (%) | p Value * | OR (95% Confidence Interval) ** | No Hypertension No. (%) | p Value * | OR (95% Confidence Interval) ** | |||
| Brushing teeth once a day or more | No | 670 (3.8) | 17,150 (96.2) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1932 (74.3) | 0.696 | 0.97 (0.87–1.09) |
| Yes | 978 (2.5) | 38,698 (97.5) | 1 | 2885 (74.7) | 1 | |||
| Consumption of cariogenic diet | No | 1086 (3.1) | 33,435 (96.9) | <0.001 | 1 | 3281 (75.1) | 0.1 | 1 |
| Yes | 562 (2.4) | 22,413 (97.6) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 1537 (73.2) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) | |||
| Consumption of sweetened beverages | No | 1039 (3.1) | 31,970 (96.9) | <0.001 | 1 | 3126 (75.1) | 0.176 | 1 |
| Yes | 609 (2.5) | 23,878 (97.5) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1691 (73.5) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | |||
| Smoking | No | 2628 (2.1) | 123,017 (97.9) | <0.001 | 1 | 7884 (75.0) | 1.0 | 1 |
| Yes | 735 (10.7) | 6149 (89.3) | 5.6 (5.1–6.1) | 2205 (75.0) | 1.0 (0.91–1.09) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | No | 3350 (2.5) | 129,027 (97.5) | <0.001 | 1 | 10,070 (75.0) | 0.04 | 1 |
| Yes | 13 (8.6) | 139 (91.4) | 3.6 (2.0–6.3) | 19 (59.4) | 2.0 (1.0–4.1) | |||
| Parameter | Hypertension Diagnosis | Comparison to Those without Hypertension Using the Whole Study Population (N = 129,166) | Comparison to Age-, Sex- and Smoking-Matched Group without Hypertension (N = 10,089) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value ^ | OR (95% Confidence Interval) ∨ | Mean ± SD | p Value ^ | OR (95% Confidence Interval) ∨ | ||
| Total number of appointments with a general physician | 19.3 ± 15.8 | 14.1 ± 11.8 | <0.001 | 1.027 (1.024–1.029) | 12.9 ± 11.6 | <0.001 | 1.035 (1.032–1.038) | |
| Total number of dental appointments | 11.0 ± 16.5 | 5.7 ± 10.0 | <0.001 | 1.025 (1.023–1.027) | 9.4 ± 14.9 | <0.001 | 1.006 (1.004–1.008) | |
| Total number of non-attendance to scheduled dental appointments | 1.7 ± 4.0 | 0.9 ± 2.6 | <0.001 | 1.060 (1.052–1.068) | 1.5 ± 3.5 | 0.002 | 1.016 (1.006–1.027) | |
* Pearson Chi-Square; ** binary logistic regression; ^ non-paired t-test; ∨ generalized linear models. OR: Odds ratio; SD: standard deviation.