Figure 6.

Expression of ALDH1B1 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HT29 cells and spheres. The effects of ALDH1B1 on the gene expression levels of EMT-related transcription factors in (a) differentiated and (b) cancer stem-like cells in the HT29 isogenic cell line pair. The comparative quantification ΔΔCt method was utilized for analyzing the fold change in the gene expression levels. β-actin gene was used as the endogenous control for the normalization of the samples. (c) Representative images of (i) HT29/mock and (ii) HT29/ALDH1B1 spheres (magnification 20×), which were typically formed in approximately 10 days. Results are shown as mean ± SD. At least three independent experiments were performed under each experimental condition. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.