Table 2.
(a) Obstetrical outcome in the first subsequent pregnancy/childbirth after the diagnosis of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and pregnancies by women without RPL identified in the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish National Patient Register; (b) Obstetrical outcome, in the first subsequent pregnancy after the diagnosis of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and pregnancies by women without RPL, with and without preterm birth.
| Obstetrical Outcome | RPL n = 4971 (%) | No RPL n = 57,410 ** (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) | ||||
| Pre-eclampsia a | ||||
| No PE | 4757 (95.7) | 56,135 (97,8) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Any PE 1 | 214 (4.3) | 1275 (2.2) | 1.97 (1.70–2.28) | 1.45 (1.24–1.69) |
| No PE | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | ||
| Mild/moderate PE | 148 (3.0) | 929 (1.6) | 1.87 (1.57–2.23) | 1.39 (1.17–1.68) |
| Severe PE 1 | 66 (1.3) | 346 (0.6) | 2.22 (1.70–2.90) | 1.57 (1.20–2.07) |
| Stillbirth b | ||||
| Live birth | 4939 (99.4) | 57,178 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Stillbirth | 32 (0.6) | 232 (0.4) | 1.60 (1.10–2.31) | 1.38 (0.95–2.02) |
| SGA c | ||||
| AGA or LGA | 4800 (96.6) | 56,001 (97.5) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| SGA | 171 (3.4) | 1409 (2.5) | 1.42 (1.21–1.66) | 1.25 (1.06–1.47) |
| Preterm birth d | ||||
| Term birth 2 | 4475 (90) | 54,528 (95) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Preterm birth < 37 GWs 2 | 496 (10) | 2882 (5.0) | 2.10 (1.90–2.32) | 1.95 (1.76–2.16) |
| Preterm birth 32–36 GWs 2 | 346 (7.0) | 2482 (4.3) | 1.70 (1.51–1.91) | 1.62 (1.43–1.82) |
| Preterm birth < 32 GWs 2 | 150 (3.0) | 398 (0.7) | 4.59 (3.80–5.56) | 3.86 (3.16–4.72) |
| Term birth 2 | 4475 (90) | 54,528 (95) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Spontaneous preterm birth | 281 (5.7) | 1886 (3.3) | 1.77 (1.56–2.02) | 1.82 (1.59–2.08) |
| Iatrogenic preterm birth | 215 (4.3) | 996 (1.7) | 2.23 (1.73–2.86) | 2.16 (1.85–2.53) |
| Term birth 2 | 4475 | 54,528 | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Preterm birth 32–36 GWs 2 | 346 (7.0) | 2482 (4.3) | 1.70 (1.51–1.91) | 1.62 (1.43–1.82) |
| Preterm birth <32 GWs 2 | 150 (3.0) | 398 (0.7) | 4.59 (3.80–5.56) | 3.86 (3.16–4.72) |
| Placental abruption e | ||||
| No placental abruption | 4921 (99) | 57,200 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Placental abruption | 50 (1.0) | 210 (0.4) | 2.77 (2.03–3.77) | 2.45 (1.78–3.38) |
| (b) | ||||
| Pre-eclampsia a | ||||
| No PE *** | 4759 (95.7) | 56,140 (97.8) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| PE and preterm | 65 (1.3) | 248 (0.4) | 3.09 (2.35–4.07) | 2.26 (1.70–3.01) |
| PE at term | 147 (3.0) | 1022 (1.8) | 1.70 (1.42–2.02) | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) |
| Stillbirth b | ||||
| Live birth *** | 4939 (99.4) | 57,178 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Stillbirth and preterm | 24 (0.5) | 126 (0.2) | 2.21 (1.42–3.42) | 1.92 (1.22–3.02) |
| Stillbirth at term | 8 (0.2) | 106 (0.2) | 0.87 (0.43–1.79) | 0.76 (0.37–1.57) |
| SGA c | ||||
| No SGA *** | 4800 (96.6) | 56,001 (97.5) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| SGA and preterm | 75 (1.5) | 343 (0.6) | 2.55 (1.98–3.28) | 2.00 (1.54–2.60) |
| SGA at term | 96 (1.9) | 1066 (1.9) | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) |
| Placental abruption d | ||||
| No PA *** | 4921 (99) | 57,200 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| PA and preterm | 29 (0.6) | 123 (0.2) | 2.74 (1.83–4.11) | 2.47 (1.62–3.76) |
| PA at term | 21 (0.4) | 87 (0.2) | 2.81 (1.74–4.52) | 2.42 (1.49–1.96) |
1 Including eclampsia; 2 any delivery start (spontaneous, induction, Caesarean section). * reference; ** number of pregnancies by control women, *** both birth at term and preterm. PE: pre-eclampsia; SGA: small for gestational age; AGA: appropriate for gestational age; LGA: large for gestational age; GWs: gestational weeks. a Adjusted for age, parity, assisted conception, body mass index, mother’s country of birth, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, smoking; b adjusted for age, parity, body mass index, smoking; c adjusted for age, parity, body mass index, smoking, mother’s country of birth, chronic hypertension; d adjusted for age, parity, body mass index, smoking; e adjusted for age, parity, body mass index, smoking, chronic hypertension.