Table 3.
Obstetrical outcome in women with primary and secondary recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in a subsequent pregnancy after the diagnoses of RPL, compared with nulliparous and multiparous without RPL.
| Obstetrical Outcome | Primary RPL n = 2335 (%) | No RPL (Nullipara) n = 24,507 (%) |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Secondary RPL n = 2636 (%) | No RPL (Multipara) n = 32,903 (%) |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-eclampsia a | ||||||||
| No PE | 2192 (93.9) | 23,710 (96.7) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | 2567 (97.4) | 32,430 (98.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Any PE 1 | 143 (6.1) | 797 (3.3) | 1.94 (1.62–2.33) | 1.45 (1.20–1.75) | 69 (2.6) | 473 (1.4) | 1.84 (1.43–2.38) | 1.42 (1.10–1.85) |
| No PE | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | ||||
| mild/moderate | 103 (4.4) | 577 (2.4) | 1.95 (1.58–2.41) | 1.48 (1.19–1.85) | 43 (1.6) | 347 (1.0) | 1.55 (1.12–2.13) | 1.23 (0.89–1.70) |
| Severe 1 | 40 (1.7) | 220 (0.9) | 1.94 (1.38–2.72) | 1.39 (0.98–1.98) | 26 (1.0) | 126 (0.4) | 2.59 (1.69–3.96) | 1.89 (1.22–2.92) |
| Stillbirth b | ||||||||
| Live birth | 2321 (99.4) | 24,405 (99.6) | 1.00* | 1.00* | 2618 (99.3) | 32,773 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Stillbirth | 14 (0.6) | 102 (0.4) | 1.44 (0.82–2.53) | 1.36 (0.76–1.41) | 18 (0.7) | 130 (0.4) | 1.73 (1.06–2.84) | 1.45 (0.87–2.40) |
| SGA c | ||||||||
| No SGA | 2233 (95.6) | 23,649 (96.5) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | 2567 (97.4) | 32,352 (98.3) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| SGA | 102 (4.4) | 858 (3.5) | 1.26 (1.02–1.55) | 1.15 (0.92–1.43) | 69 (2.6) | 551 (1.7) | 1.58 (1.23–2.03) | 1.44 (1.11–1.88) |
| Preterm delivery d | ||||||||
| Term birth | 2066 (88.5) | 23,005 (93.9) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | 2409 (91.4) | 31,524 (95.8) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Preterm birth < 37 GW | 269 (11.5) | 1502 (6.1) | 1.99 (1.74–2.29) | 1.85 (1.60–2.13) | 227 (11.5) | 1380 (4.2) | 2.15 (1.86–2.49) | 2.07 (1.78–2.40) |
| Preterm birth 32–36 GW | 170 (7.3) | 1290 (5.2) | 1.47 (1.24–1.73) | 1.41 (1.19–1.68) | 176 (6.7) | 1192 (3.6) | 1.93 (1.64–2.28) | 1.86 (1.57–2.20) |
| Preterm birth < 32 GW | 99 (4.2) | 211 (0.9) | 5.23 (4.10–6.66) | 4.14 (3.20–5.37) | 51 (1.9) | 187 (0.6) | 3.57 (2.61–4.88) | 3.37 (2.44–4.66) |
| Placental abruption e | ||||||||
| No placental abruption | 2309 (98.9) | 24,420 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * | 2612 (99.1) | 32,780 (99.6) | 1.00 * | 1.00 * |
| Placental abruption | 26 (1.1) | 87 (0.4) | 3.16 (2.04–4.91) | 2.48 (1.57–3.92) | 24 (0.9) | 123 (0.4) | 2.45 (1.68–3.80) | 2.42 (1.54–3.79) |
1 Including eclampsia. * reference. PE: pre-eclampsia; SGA: small for gestational age defined as infant <2 SD; AGA: appropriate for age; LGA: large for age. a Adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, assisted conception, mother’s country of birth, chronic hypertension, pre-gestational diabetes; b adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index; c adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, mother’s country of birth, assisted conception; d adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, mother’s country of birth, assisted conception, e adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index.