Figure 3.

Inhibitory effect of BG on H₂O₂-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in an IRE1α-dependent way. The (a) wt, (b) IRE1α KO, (c) PERK KO and (d) XBP1 KO MEF cell lines were pretreated with various concentrations of BG for 24 h followed by H₂O₂ stimulation for an additional 1 h. ROS level was determined using 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) analysis. Data are shown as the means ± SD of three independent experiments. Significant differences between different concentrations were analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test with one-way ANOVA and values labeled with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). Student’s t-test was performed to assess the difference between the control group and the H₂O₂-treated group in the absence of BG. *** p < 0.001. White bar represents negative control. BG, black ginseng.