Table 2.
Microneedle-assisted transdermal delivery of nanoparticles (NPs).
| Type of MNs | Carrier | Drug | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid (stainless steel) | Microemulsions | Propranolol | Enhanced permeation | [103] |
| Solid (silicon) | Dextran NPs | Rosiglitazone CL 316243 |
Localized and painless administration in a safe and effective manner | [104] |
| Solid (silicon) | Microemulsion | Tetramethyl pyrazine | Enhanced percutaneous absorption of drug-loaded microemulsions by MNs | [68] |
| Solid (rolling MNs) | Ethosomes | Paeoniflorin | Enhanced skin penetration, no synergistic effect in combination of MNs with ethosomes | [101] |
| Solid (not defined) | NLC | Alkaloids | Enhanced skin penetration with combination of MNs and NLCs, increased transdermal bioavailability of alkaloids, consistent blood drug concentrations | [105] |
| Solid (stainless steel) | Polymeric NPs (carboxymethyl chitosan) |
5-Fuorouracil | Localized and painless administration, low side effects | [106] |
| Dissolving (PVP) | PLGA hollow microspheres | Alexa 488 and Cy5 (model compounds) | Co-delivery into the skin | [43] |
| Dissolving (PEG-MGQD) | nanocomposites of chitosan and magnetic graphene quantum dot | Lidocaine hydrochloride | Delivery of small and large molecule therapeutics | [107] |
| Dissolving (PVP) | PLGA nano/microparticles | Vitamin D3 | Delivery to deep skin layers and sustained release | [108] |
| Dissolving (PVP) | Hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites | Metformin | NIR-triggered TDD and photothermal-responsive delivery | [109] |
| Dissolving (PVP) | PLGA@chitosan and PCL@chitosan NPs | Doxycycline | Enhanced retention and improved dermatokinetic profile of doxycycline | [110] |
| Dissolving (PVP) | Nanosuspension | Doxycycline, Albendazole, and Ivermectin | Enhance retention in the dermis | [111] |
| Dissolving (PVA/PVP) | PCL NPs | Carvacrol | Enhanced skin retention, sustained therapeutic effect | [112] |
| Dissolving (HA) | HA NPs | Rhodamine B | Enhanced skin penetration, sustained release | [113] |
| Dissolving (PVA) | Nanosuspension | Curcumin | Improved intradermal delivery | [114] |
| Dissolving (HA) | MPEG-PCL NPs | 5-Fuorouracil and indocyanine green | NIR-responsive delivery, synergistic chemo-photothermal effect | [115] |
| Dissolving (HA) | Micelles | Curcumin | Enhanced transdermal permeation | [116] |
| Dissolving (PVA/PVP) | SLNs | Doxycycline, Diethylcarbamazine, and Albendazole | Enhanced retention in the dermis layer, high bioavailability, accumulation in lymph nodes | [117] |
| Dissolving (PVA) | Micelles | Rhodamine B | TDD of kidney targeting NPs | [118] |
| Hydrogel-forming (PLGA) | Hydrogel microparticles | Rhodamine B | Sustained release | [119] |
PCL: poly (ε-caprolactone); MPEG: monomethoxy-poly (ethylene glycol).