Table 1.

Commercial photoacoustic platforms and their relevant features. An (*) highlights the optical specifications of more direct concern to the photostability of the contrast agent.

Device	MSOT Acuity [19]	Vevo LAZR-X [20]	LOIS3D [21]	TriTom [22]	Hadatomo Z [23]
Company	iThera Medical	FUJIFILM	TomoWave	PST	Advantest Corp.
Pulse duration *	<10 ns	4–6 ns	3–5 ns	5 ns	10 ns
Rep rate *	25 Hz	20 Hz	10 Hz	10 Hz	1000 Hz
Wavelength *	660–1300 nm	680–970; 1200–2000 nm	680–1064 nm	670–2600 nm	532; 556 nm
Peak energy *	30 mJ	45 mJ	up to 200 mJ	150 mJ	16 $\mathsf{\mu }$J
Imaging depth	up to 4 cm	1 cm	>3 cm	n.a.	3 mm
Lateral resolution	200 $\mathsf{\mu }$m	45 $\mathsf{\mu }$m	250 $\mathsf{\mu }$m	150 $\mathsf{\mu }$m	15 $\mathsf{\mu }$m
Applications	clinical	pre-clinical	pre-clinical	pre-clinical	clinical