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. 2021 Jan 6;9(1):55. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9010055

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of multi-theory model constructs of behavior change (n = 713) and reliability diagnostics.

Groups Those Who Followed Handwashing Recommendations (n = 489) Those Who Did Not Follow Handwashing Recommendations (n = 224)
Constructs Possible score range Observed score range Mean ± S.D. Cronbach’s alpha Possible score range Observed score range Mean ± S.D. Cronbach’s alpha p-value
Initiation 0–4 0–4 3.40 ± 0.88 - 0–4 0–4 2.3 ± 1.14 - <0.0001
Participatory dialogue: advantages 0–20 0–20 16.40 ± 4.85 0.96 0–20 0–20 15.24 ± 5.35 0.96 0.004
Participatory dialogue: disadvantages 0–20 0–20 4.35±3.73 0.81 0–20 0–17 7.21 ± 4.13 0.74 <0.0001
Participatory dialogue: advantages—disadvantages score −20–20 −20–20 12.75 ± 6.25 - −20–+20 −13–+20 9.13 ± 6.14 - <0.0001
Behavioral confidence 0–24 4–24 20.12 ± 4.41 0.90 0–24 0–24 15.9 ± 5.3 0.87 <0.0001
Changes in the physical environment 0–12 0–12 10.52 ± 2.1 0.83 0–12 2–12 9.7 ± 2.52 0.78 <0.0001
Entire initiation scale - - - 0.72 - - - 0.69 -
Sustenance 0–4 0–4 3.35 ± 0.90 - 0–4 0–4 2.16 ± 1.13 - <0.0001
Emotional transformation 0–12 1–12 9.85 ± 2.5 0.88 0–12 0–12 7.34 ± 3.04 0.87 <0.0001
Practice for change 0–12 0–12 7.96 ± 2.75 0.70 0–12 0–12 5.4 ± 2.73 0.76 <0.0001
Changes in the social environment 0–12 0–12 7.35 ± 3.74 0.87 0–12 0–12 4.43 ± 3.82 0.85 <0.0001
Entire sustenance scale - - - 0.88 - - - 0.87 -
Entire scale - - - 0.86 - - - 0.85 -