Table 2.
Ratio of extracted volume (%), total extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (g of gallic acid equivalents/100 g), and antioxidant activity (mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g).
| Biomass | Extracted Volume/Total Volume | Total Extraction Yield | Solubilization 1 | Extract Richness 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPC 3 | TEAC 3 | FRAP 3 | ORAC 3 | TPC 3 | TEAC 3 | FRAP 3 | ORAC 3 | |||
| OL 4 | 83.33 ± 1.44 c | 24.00 ± 1.99 b | 3.33 ± 0.42 b | 11.03 ± 0.20 b | 14.24 ± 0.78 b | 72.69 ± 3.65 b | 14.03 ± 2.99 a | 46.18 ± 4.44 b | 59.53 ± 4.48 a | 272.77 ± 33.35 a |
| OML 4 | 83.33 ± 0.00 c | 15.77 ± 0.88 c | 2.06 ± 0.06 c | 11.94 ± 2.96 b | ND | ND | 13.11 ± 0.68 a | 74.72 ± 19.33 a | ND | ND |
| EOP | 92.17 ± 0.00 a | 37.44 ± 0.38 a | 4.45 ± 0.09 a | 25.25 ± 0.20 a | 20.30 ± 1.28 a | 95.30 ± 5.93 a | 11.90 ± 0.30 a | 67.43 ± 1.08 a | 54.23 ± 3.62 a | 254.44 ± 13.78 a |
| RFOPC | 85.80 ± 0.25 b | 6.70 ± 0.33 d | 0.46 ± 0.02 d | 2.61 ± 0.31 c | 1.35 ± 0.16 c | 11.50 ± 0.87 c | 6.92 ± 0.33 b | 39.14 ± 6.09 b | 20.10 ± 1.83 b | 171.78 ± 12.98 b |
Different lowercase letters within a row indicate significant differences between the samples (p < 0.05). OL, olive leaves; OML, olive mill leaves; EOP, exhausted olive pomace; RFOPC, residual fraction from olive pits cleaning. ND, not determined. 1 Data expressed in terms of byproduct weight on dry basis. 2 Data expressed in terms of extract weight on dry basis. 3 EOP, extracted olive pomace; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay; TEAC, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TPC, total phenolic content; OML, olive mill leaves; OL, olive leaves; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; RFOPC, residual fraction from olive pit cleaning. 4 Results from previous studies [12,14].