Table 2.

A summary of electrochemical sensors targeting C-Reactive Protein analyte.

Analyte	Electrode/Modification	Receptor	Matrix/Solvent	LOD (ng/mL)	Linear Range (ng/mL)	Ref.
CRP	Standard polycrystalline gold electrode modified with SAM immunosensor	Goat anti-human CRP polyclonal antibody	Pharmaceutical preparation, human serum	0.135	0.384–38.4	[90]
CRP	Wave shaped microelectrode array with a monolayer functionalized by NaBH4 to anchor antibodies	Human CRP antibody	PBS serum	0.025–0.23	0.01 – 10 × 103	[89]
CRP	Screen printed graphene electrode functionalized by l-cystine and gold to anchor Anti-1°Ab	Anti-1°Ab unlabeled capture antibody & Anthraquinone labelled anti-human CRP secondary antibody	Human serum	1.5	10 – 150 × 103	[91]
CRP	Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) functionalized via 1-pyrenebutyric acid N hydroxy succinimide ester (PyNHS)	Anti-CRP antibody	Pharmaceutical preparation	–	10 – 1 × 104	[92]
CRP	Branched polyethylenimine functionalized with ferroced residues recognition layer anchored to electrode surface for the covalent anchoring of antibodies	Monoclonal IgG anti CRP antibodies	Rat blood	0.5–2.5	1 – 5 × 104	[93]
CRP	Gold printed screened electrode has affinity for sulfur and nitrogen, which allows for antibodies to covalently attach	Monoclonal anti-CRP antibody	Human serum	780	6.25 × 103–5 × 104	[94]
CRP	Disposable single walled carbon nanotubes field effect transistor immunosensor, able to absorb amino groups in anti-CRP antibodies	Goat anti-CRP	Pharmaceutical preparation	0.1	0.1 – 1 × 105	[95]