Table 3.
Linear regression models of associations of prenatal phthalate metabolite concentrations or sums and Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition t-Score in the ARCH Child Development Cohort
| Metabolites and Sum | Unadjusted (90%CI) | Model 1 (90%CI) | Model 2 (90%CI) | Model 3 (90%CI) | Model 4 (90%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΣDEHP | |||||
| Alla | 0.4 (−1.2, 2.1) | 0.2 (−1.4, 1.8) | −0.3 (−1.7, 1.1) | −0.4 (−1.8, 0.9) | −0.5 (−1.8, 0.8) |
| Boysb | 2.0 (−0.2, 4.2) | 1.7 (−0.6, 4.0) | 1.1 (−1.1, 3.3) | −0.8 (−2.4, 0.7) | −0.8 (−2.4, 0.8) |
| Girlsc | −0.6 (−2.9, 1.6) | −0.4 (−2.3, 1.5) | −0.7 (−2.5, 1.1) | −0.3 (−2, 1.4) | −0.4 (−2.1, 1.3) |
| mBP | |||||
| Alla | −0.1 (−2.6, 2.4) | −0.3 (−2.7, 2.0) | −0.4 (−2.5, 1.7) | −1.4 (−3.4, 0.6) | −1.1 (−3.0, 0.9) |
| Boysb | 1.7 (−1.4, 4.8) | 1.2 (−2.0, 4.4) | 0.7 (−2.2, 3.6) | −0.6 (−2.7, 1.4) | −0.6 (−2.6, 1.5) |
| Girlsc | −0.3 (−4.1, 3.5) | 0.2 (−3.1, 3.6) | −0.2 (−3.4, 3.0) | −0.3 (−3.3, 2.8) | −0.3 (−3.4, 2.7) |
| miBP | |||||
| Alla | −0.3 (−2.2, 1.6) | −0.3 (−2.1, 1.5) | −0.7 (−2.3, 0.8) | −1.0 (−2.5, 0.5) | −1.0 (−2.5, 0.4) |
| Boysb | 0.3 (−2.1, 2.7) | 0.0 (−2.4, 2.4) | −1.4 (−3.6, 0.8) | −1.1 (−2.6, 0.3) | −1.3 (−2.8, 0.1) |
| Girlsc | 0.2 (−2.6, 3.1) | 0.3 (−2.1, 2.7) | 0.2 (−2.1, 2.5) | 0.3 (−1.9, 2.4) | 0.3 (−1.9, 2.4) |
| mEP | |||||
| Alla | 1.0 (−0.2, 2.1) | 0.9 (−0.2, 2.0) | 0.3 (−0.7, 1.3) | 0.7 (−0.2, 1.6) | 0.4 (−0.5, 1.3) |
| Boysb | 1.1 (−0.1, 2.3) | 0.9 (−0.3, 2.2) | 0.4 (−0.9, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.1, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.1, 1.7) |
| Girlsc | 1.1 (−0.9, 3.0) | 1.1 (−0.6, 2.8) | 0.8 (−0.8, 2.4) | 0.7 (−0.9, 2.2) | 0.6 (−0.9, 2.1) |
Model 1 covariates: maternal education, household income, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Model 2 covariates: model 1 and maternal BAPQ total score. Model 3 covariates: model 1 and CBCL internalizing and externalizing t-scores. Model 4 covariates: model 1, maternal BAPQ total score, and CBCL internalizing and externalizing t-scores. Bolding indicates P<0.05. Phthalate metabolites were creatinine-corrected and ln-transformed. Beta estimates were back-transformed to represent change in SRS-2 t-score for each doubling of exposure.
Abbreviations: ARCH, Archives on Research for Child Health; BAPQ, Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire; CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist; CI, confidence interval; DEHP, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; LOD, limit of detection; mBP, monobutyl phthalate; mEP, monoethyl phthalate; miBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate.
Sample size = 77,
Sample size = 37,
Sample size = 40