Fig. 3.

Phenotypic outcome imposed by SARS-CoV-2 and OPs in human

SARS-CoV-2 infection produces multiple respiratory troubles namely pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute bronchitis in patients. In addition subnormal immune status increases the risk for septic shock and secondary infections. Multi-organ failure (cardiac, gastrointestinal, kidney, hepatic, neurological, olfactory, gustatory, ocular & cutaneous) is evident in certain cases. OP-induced necroinflammation at broncho-alveolar sites is the mediator of pulmonary diseases like pneumonitis, emphysema, ARDS, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, asthma and rhinitis. In addition, cellular death in lymphoid tissues promotes immunosuppression. Multi-organ injuries (neural, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal & retinal) are also reported following OP-exposure. Therefore, OP contamination can intensify health predicaments to several folds and modulate disease outcome in patients with COVID-19.