Table 2.

Results for Unit Root Tests of the Pre-Intervention Time Series.

Variables	Aug. DF	PP	KPSS	CH
	Level	Level	Level	Level
Fatal Shootings	−11.81⁎⁎	−11.85⁎⁎	0.08	0.24
Non-Fatal Shootings All	−4.25⁎⁎	−10.84⁎⁎	0.25	0.75
Non-Fatal Shootings Injury	−11.35⁎⁎	−12.04⁎⁎	0.37	.99a
Non-Fatal Shootings No Injury	−6.03⁎⁎	−11.48⁎⁎	0.17	0.34
Gang Related Shootings	−7.51⁎⁎	−7.51⁎⁎	0.18	0.41
Non-Gang Related Shootings	−4.25⁎⁎	−4.37⁎⁎	0.35a	0.89a

Notes. For fatal and nonfatal shootings, 1/2/2017–3/16/2020 (168 Weeks); For gang- and nongang-related shootings, 12/31/2018–3/16/2020 (64 Weeks).

Aug. DF-GLS = Augmented Dickey Fuller. PP = Phillips-Perron. KPSS = Kwlatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin. CH = Canova-Hansen. Figures for unit root tests represent a t-statistic in a model with constant.

^⁎⁎Significant at α = 0.01.

^aSignificant at α = 0.10.