Fig. 1.

The mechanism of recognition of SARS-COV-2. SARS-COV-2 binds to ACE −2 via S protein and enters into host cells. Ligation of TLR7/8 and RIG-1 by SARS-COV-2 ssRNA resulted in the recruitment of adaptor molecules such as MYD88 and TRAFs which in turn translocate transcriptions factors, NF-kB, and IRFs into the nucleus. This leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. The maturation of the Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-18 are mediated by caspase 1 in NLRP3-inflammasome. ACE-2; angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, ssRNA; single-strand RNA, TLR; toll-like receptor, RIG-1; retinoic acid-inducible gene I, NLRP3; NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, TRAF; Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor, IRF; Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor, IL; interleukin, GM-CSF; Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, MIP1-β; macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, IP-10; IFN-γ-inducible protein 10.