Table 3.
Comparison of severe disease between pregnant and nonpregnant patients with symptomatic COVID-19
| Clinical criteria for severe disease | Symptomatic pregnant patients with COVID-19 (n=22) | Symptomatic nonpregnant patients with COVID-19 (n=240) | RR (95% CI) | aRRa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team (NCPERET) criteria6 | 7 (31.8) | 17 (7.1) | 4.49b (2.09–9.64) | 3.59b (1.49–7.01) |
| Dyspnea | 7 | 18 | ||
| Respiratory rate of >30 breaths/min | 7 | 15 | ||
| Blood oxygen saturation of ≤93% | 6 | 15 | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <300c | 2 | 8 | ||
| Lung infiltrates of >50% on imaging | 6 | 15 | ||
| WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (WHOOSCI)d | 3 (13.6) | 6 (2.50) | 5.45b (1.46–20.32) | 5.65b (1.36–17.31) |
| Score 5: noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen | 1 | 4 | ||
| Score 6: intubation and mechanical ventilation. | 0 | 0 | ||
| Score 7: ventilation with additional organ support (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, vasopressors) | 2 | 2 | ||
| P valuee | ||||
| Length of stay, d | 5 (1–15) | 6 (1–25) | .77 | |
| Severe COVID-19 (NCPERET) | 8 (1–15) | 7 (1–29) | .94 | |
| Severe COVID-19 (WHOOSCI) | 11 (8–15) | 16 (1–29) | .70 | |
| ICU admission | 8 (36.4) | 9 (3.75) | <.01b | |
| Severe COVID-19 (NCPERET) | 7 (100.0) | 9 (50.0) | .03b | |
| Severe COVID-19 (WHOOSCI) | 3 (100.0) | 5 (83.3) | 1.00 | |
| Death | 0 | 0 | — |
Data are presented as number (percentage) or median (range).
aRR, adjusted relative risk; CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; PaO2/FiO2, arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen; RR, relative risk; WHO, World Health Organization.
a
Determined using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for ethnicity and insurance type
b
Significant values
c
Values not available for 4 pregnant (4 of 22, 18.1%) and 8 nonpregnant patients (8 of 240, 3.3%)
e
Based on Wilcoxon rank-sum or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
Oakes. Severe COVID-19 and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021.