Table 1.
Group characteristics
| Controls | Smokers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsmokers n(T1) = 29; n(T2) = 28 |
Occasional smokers n(T1) = 30 n(T2) = 29 |
All n(T1) = 44; n(T2) = 27 |
Abstainers n(T1) = 25; n(T2) = 21 |
Relapsers n(T1) = 19; n(T2) = 6 |
|
| Variable | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Age | 38.4 (9.1) | 35.6 (8.3) | 37.3 (9.5) | 38.3 (9.3) | 35.9 (9.4) |
| Female | 15 [52%] | 15 [50%] | 21 [48%] | 11 [44%] | 10 [53%] |
| BMI | 24.5 (3.0) | 23.3 (3.2) | 25.1 (3.7) | 24.4 (3.7) | 26.0 (3.3) |
| Smoking behavior and nicotine consumption | |||||
| FTND | – | 0.1 (0.4) | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.6 (2.1) | 5.5 (1.7) |
| CDS | – | 19.7 (4.2) | 46.0 (6.8) | 44.6 (6.7) | 47.0 (6.6) |
| Cigarettes per day | – | 0.80 (1.0) | 18.6 (6.4) | 19.4 (5.4) | |
| Daily nicotine consumption (onset age in years) | – | – | 16.7 (4.4) | 16.8 (3.3) | 16.7 (5.4) |
| Nicotine addiction (DSM-4, onset age in years) | – | – | 19.0 (6.9) | 19.7 (7.2) | 18.1 (6.1) |
| Education | |||||
| Secondary school leaving certificate | 7 [24%] | 5 [17%] | 18 [41%] | 13 [52%] | 5 [26%] |
| Higher education entrance qualification | 22 [76%] | 25 [83%] | 26 [59%] | 12 [48%] | 14 [74%] |
| Professional qualification | |||||
| None/professional education | 10 [34%] | 8 [27%] | 20 [45%] | 14 [56%] | 6 [32%] |
| Polytechnic/university degree | 19 [66%] | 22 [73%] | 24 [55%] | 11 [44%] | 13 [68%] |
| Delay discounting | |||||
| T1 k | − 4.38 (1.4) | − 4.06 (1.4) | − 3.98 (1.2) | − 3.88 (1.2) | − 4.13 (1.3) |
| T1 β | − 1.28 (1.4) | − 0.65 (1.6) | − 1.01 (1.5) | − 0.80 (1.0) | − 1.28 (1.8) |
| T1 var(k) | 0.26 (0.3) | 0.22 (0.3) | 0.32 (0.6) | 0.14 (0.2) | 0.56 (0.8) |
| T2 k | − 4.47 (1.7) | − 4.22 (1.7) | − 4.18 (1.3) | − 3.97 (1.2) | − 4.83 (1.7) |
| T2 β | − 0.03 (1.9) | − 0.22 (1.4) | − 0.34 (1.5) | − 0.45 (1.1) | − 0.02 (2.3) |
| T2 var(k) | 0.20 (0.3) | 0.13 (0.2) | 0.11 (0.1) | 0.11 (0.1) | 0.11 (0.1) |
| Days between T1 and T2 | 25.6 (6.7) | 31.6 (20.5) | 27.6 (5.9) | 27.7 (5.7) | 27.5 (7.1) |
In this table, k and β followed natural log-transformation