Fig. 3.

The position of Paraconotrochus antarcticus (arrow) in phylogeny of the scleractinia. The early-diverging Gardineria hawaiiensis (“Basal”), the Vacatina (Robusta), and Refertina (Complexa) are shown. P. antarcticus has an early-diverging position within the Vacatina clade, from which it diverged in the Mesozoic (Cretaceous) ca. 116 Ma. The diagram is based on maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference of concatenated nucleotides from all mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Small red circles on nodes indicate ML and posterior probability support of 100 and 1, respectively. The numbers close to some nodes indicate estimated divergence times using a relaxed molecular clock (uncorrelated log-normal).