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. 2021 Jan 11;118(3):e2020368118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020368118

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Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

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Fig. 3. — Vaccines developed addressing naïve, previously exposed, and chronic infections. Green (A) are vaccines available or doable with existing technologies. Bold, available vaccines. Yellow (B) and orange (C) are doable vaccines with increasing challenges for today’s technologies. Red (D) are targets for which we do not yet have the scientific knowledge and technologies. HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; TB, tuberculosis; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; AMR, antimicrobial resistance; E. coli, Escherichia coli; Staph, Staphylococcus aureus; C. difficile, Clostridium difficile; GBS, group B Streptococcus; HSV1, herpes simplex virus 1; HSV2, herpes simplex virus 2; HHV, 6-7 human herpes viruses 6 and 7; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus.