Fig. 3.

The five contributions (i to v) to the X-ray diffraction pattern labeled according to Eq. 3 at 170 fs. The complete $\mathbf{q}$-space object is depicted, where $\mathbf{q}$ is the scattering vector of momentum transfer, and we assume an oriented molecule. Contribution i is elastic scattering from the electronic ground state S₀. Contribution ii is elastic scattering from the electronically excited state S₁. Contribution iii is inelastic scattering from S₀, scaled by a factor of 6,000. Contribution iv is inelastic scattering from S₁, scaled by a factor of 2,000. Contribution v is mixed elastic/inelastic scattering from vibronic coherences, scaled by a factor of 2,000. In contrast to the other terms, positive (red) and negative (blue) contributions are present. (Bottom Right) The total signal. The complete movie is provided as electronic supplement (Movie S2).