Table 2.
Access to Health Care and Health Burden
| Parameter | Number of responses received | Frequency, n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Self-perception of overall health | 907 | |
| Excellent | 86 (9) | |
| Very good | 224 (25) | |
| Good | 401 (44) | |
| Poor | 171 (19) | |
| Very poor | 25 (3) | |
| Health care providers utilizeda | 928 | |
| GP | 779 (84) | |
| Psychologist | 631 (68) | |
| Psychiatrist | 508 (55) | |
| Endocrinologist | 413 (45) | |
| Surgeon | 298 (32) | |
| Nurse | 235 (25) | |
| Speech pathologist | 117 (13) | |
| Gender clinic within a hospital | 103 (11) | |
| Gynecologist | 87 (9) | |
| None | 89 (10) | |
| Other (free text) | 32 (3) | |
| Discriminationa | 927 | |
| Discrimination in employment | 304 (33) | |
| Discrimination in accessing health care | 244 (26) | |
| Discrimination in government services | 149 (16) | |
| Discrimination in housing | 95 (10) | |
| Verbal abuse | 584 (63) | |
| Physical assault | 200 (22) | |
| Domestic violence | 133 (14) | |
| Difficulty accessing hormonal treatmenta | 905 | |
| None | 372 (41) | |
| Unable to find a doctor to prescribe | 148 (16) | |
| Financial costs of prescriptions | 124 (14) | |
| Financial costs of doctor's appointments | 156 (17) | |
| Pathway to accessing hormones was too difficult | 284 (31) | |
| Other (specify) | 100 (11) | |
| Views on informed consent—Should trans people undertake a formal mental health practitioner assessment? | 913 | |
| Yes, in all cases | 285 (31) | |
| Yes, but only in some circumstances | 392 (43) | |
| No | 187 (20) | |
| Unsure | 48 (5) | |
| Masculinizing hormone treatments in birth-assigned femalesa | 509 | |
| None | 191 (38) | |
| Testosterone injections | 267 (53) | |
| Testosterone creams, gels, or patches | 45 (9) | |
| Testosterone implants | 2 (<1) | |
| GnRH analogs | 2 (<1) | |
| Progestins | 4 (<1) | |
| Other | 7 (1) | |
| Feminizing hormone treatments in birth-assigned malesa | 402 | |
| None | 75 (19) | |
| Estradiol oral tablets | 205 (51) | |
| Estradiol transdermal patches | 56 (14) | |
| Estradiol gels | 33 (8) | |
| Estradiol implants | 52 (13) | |
| Combined oral contraceptive pill | 14 (3) | |
| Spironolactone | 130 (32) | |
| Cyproterone acetate | 106 (26) | |
| Bicalutamide | 1 (<1) | |
| GnRH analogs | 2 (<1) | |
| Progestins or micronized progesterone | 63 (16) | |
| Other (i.e., finasteride or estradiol injections) | 11 (3) | |
| Overseas surgery | 914 | |
| Yes | 72 (8) | |
| No | 841 (92) | |
| Unsure/prefer not to say | 1 (<1) | |
| Medical conditions | 914 | |
| Depression | 663 (73) | |
| Anxiety | 613 (67) | |
| Fractures (broken bone) | 191 (21) | |
| Autism spectrum or Asperger's syndrome | 137 (15) | |
| ADHD | 96 (11) | |
| Bipolar disorder | 75 (8) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (3) | |
| Cancer | 19 (2) | |
| Blood clots (pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis) | 16 (2) | |
| Liver disease | 13 (1) | |
| Stroke | 11 (1) | |
| HIV/AIDS | 5 (<1) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 4 (<1) | |
| Emphysema | 3 (<1) | |
| Kidney or renal disease | 3 (<1) | |
| None of the above options selectedb | 136 (15) |
a
Multiple responses were allowed for this question, so total responses do not sum to 100%.
b
None was not an option in the survey but was presumed if no medical conditions were selected but answers were completed to the remaining questions in Section 2: Your Health of the survey.
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GP, general practitioner; trans, transgender, including gender diverse and nonbinary.