Topographical hydrogel synthesis and seeding with IEOs. (A) Schematic for fabrication and PDL-PA modification of high-aspect ratio, topographically patterned hydrogels. (B, C) Examples of positive (B) and negative (C) replicas generated in the molding process, scale = 500 μm. (D, E) Brightfield images of the villous hydrogel before (D) and after (E) seeding with intestinal epithelial organoids; scale = 500 μm. (F, G) Confocal images of villous hydrogels seeded with organoids. Cells are labeled with DAPI (blue) and phalloidin (green). (F) Maximum intensity projection; scale = 200 μm. (G) Representative cross-sectional view through an individual villus; scale = 100 μm. Color images are available online.