Table 2.

Changes Generated by the Implementation of This Study and the Presentation of Results from This Study to Students and Leadership of the University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program and Others 2018–2019

Level of change	Description of change
Individual	Student authors presented findings at seminar and the program-wide retreat generating productive discussions among students and leadership, airing of reactions and opinions, and brainstorming ideas for multilevel change.
	One MSTP director hosted a dinner for students and leadership at his home to continue discussion of study findings in a safe and welcoming environment.
	Previously quiet, peers began sharing with the authors their experiences, perceptions, and ideas for improvement in person and over email.
	Greater awareness led more junior students to report intentionally asking more questions and observing the gender of question-askers in other forums.
Norms of practice	A written report of the study's findings was distributed to UW MSTP directors, including the individual survey responses (anonymized except for gender).
	Verbal reminders are now given by student seminar leaders before seminars that “seminar is a supportive, respectful, and collaborative environment providing an excellent opportunity to practice question-asking and leadership skills.”
	Greater intentionality is practiced in incorporating diverse speakers and perspectives into MSTP events, including inviting local experts to present a seminar on implicit bias to the entire program.
	Students and leadership have met to strategize ways to broaden the diversity and inclusivity of the UW MSTP.
Structural policy	An MSTP Diversity and Outreach Chair position, with the charge of ensuring that issues of diversity and inclusion (gender, race/ethnicity, gender identity, etc.) are integrated into the program, was created on the MSTP Student Executive Board.
	Student leaders of this study reached out to leaders in diversity and inclusion in the School of Medicine and Public Health to solidify relationships between the MSTP and these leaders and to gain their perspective on the MSTPs changes and progress.
	Identification of greater difficulty for female students transitioning from medical to research training helped lead to implementation of additional director check-in meetings during the first year of graduate school.
	Demographics of invited student, faculty, and keynote speakers at the annual symposium are now tracked to ensure better equity.
Beyond our institution	Following a discussion of this project with international researchers, one researcher counted questions and reported those statistics at a meeting he chaired.
	The student leads on the study presented their findings at the 2019 American Physician Scientist Meeting (and have an abstract accepted for the 2020 meeting) to encourage similar self-studies in other MSTPs.

UW, University of Wisconsin.