TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of included patients
| Total | Without DM | With DM | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 33,449 | 30,518 | 2931 | |
| Age, y, Mean±SD | 60.10±12.30 | 59.89±12.42 | 62.29±10.78 | <0.001 |
| <65 | 20,723 (61.95%) | 18,999 (62.26%) | 1724 (58.82%) | <0.001 |
| ≥65 | 12,726 (38.05%) | 11,519 (37.74%) | 1207 (41.18%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 20,864 (62.38%) | 18,794 (61.58%) | 2070 (70.62%) | <0.001 |
| Female | 12,585 (37.62%) | 11,724 (38.42%) | 861 (29.38%) | |
| Race | 0.001 | |||
| White | 28,293 (84.59%) | 25,794 (84.52%) | 2499 (85.26%) | |
| Black | 2421 (7.24%) | 2235 (7.32%) | 186 (6.35%) | |
| Other | 2453 (7.33%) | 2217 (7.26%) | 236 (8.05%) | |
| Unknown | 282 (0.84%) | 272 (0.89%) | 10 (0.34%) | |
| Laterality | 0.127 | |||
| Left | 16,406 (49.05%) | 14,929 (48.92%) | 1477 (50.39%) | |
| Right | 17,043 (50.95%) | 15,589 (51.08%) | 1454 (49.61%) | |
| Grade a | <0.001 | |||
| Grade I | 3297 (9.86%) | 3235 (10.60%) | 62 (2.12%) | |
| Grade II | 15,438 (46.15%) | 14,989 (49.12%) | 449 (15.32%) | |
| Grade III | 8314 (24.86%) | 7497 (24.57%) | 817 (27.87%) | |
| Grade IV | 2001 (5.98%) | 1457 (4.77%) | 544 (18.56%) | |
| Unknown | 4399 (13.15%) | 3340 (10.94%) | 1059 (36.13%) | |
| Histology | <0.001 | |||
| Localized | 24,128 (72.13%) | 24,128 (79.06%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Regional | 5882 (17.58%) | 5882 (19.27%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Distant | 3339 (9.98%) | 408 (1.34%) | 2931 (100.00%) | |
| Unstaged | 100 (0.30%) | 100 (0.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| T stage | <0.001 | |||
| T1 | 21,749 (65.02%) | 21,278 (69.72%) | 471 (16.07%) | |
| T2 | 3493 (10.44%) | 2950 (9.67%) | 543 (18.53%) | |
| T3 | 7128 (21.31%) | 5827 (19.09%) | 1301 (44.39%) | |
| T4 | 576 (1.72%) | 229 (0.75%) | 347 (11.84%) | |
| Tx | 503 (1.50%) | 234 (0.77%) | 269 (9.18%) | |
| N stage | <0.001 | |||
| N0 | 31,797 (95.06%) | 29,802 (97.65%) | 1995 (68.07%) | |
| N1 | 1184 (3.54%) | 473 (1.55%) | 711 (24.26%) | |
| Nx | 468 (1.40%) | 243 (0.80%) | 225 (7.68%) | |
| Median household income b | 0.597 | |||
| Low | 16,848 (50.37%) | 15,358 (50.32%) | 1490 (50.84%) | |
| High | 16,601 (49.63%) | 15,160 (49.68%) | 1441 (49.16%) | |
| Marital status | 0.003 | |||
| Married | 20,482 (61.23%) | 18,669 (61.17%) | 1813 (61.86%) | |
| Previous married | 5877 (17.57%) | 5344 (17.51%) | 533 (18.18%) | |
| Never married | 5293 (15.82%) | 4822 (15.80%) | 471 (16.07%) | |
| Unknown | 1797 (5.37%) | 1683 (5.51%) | 114 (3.89%) | |
| Insurance status | <0.001 | |||
| Insured | 31,971 (95.58%) | 29,173 (95.59%) | 2798 (95.46%) | |
| Uninsured | 1008 (3.01%) | 895 (2.93%) | 113 (3.86%) | |
| Unknown | 470 (1.41%) | 450 (1.47%) | 20 (0.68%) | |
| Lymph node removal | <0.001 | |||
| No | 29,633 (88.59%) | 27,324 (89.53%) | 2309 (78.78%) | |
| Yes | 3816 (11.41%) | 3194 (10.47%) | 622 (21.22%) | |
| Cancer‐directed Surgery | <0.001 | |||
| No c | 1991 (5.95%) | 722 (2.37%) | 1269 (43.30%) | |
| Yes | 31,458 (94.05%) | 29,796 (97.63%) | 1662 (56.70%) | |
| Surgical methods | <0.001 | |||
| No surgery | 1991 (5.95%) | 722 (2.37%) | 1269 (43.30%) | |
| Local tumor excision/destruction | 1293 (3.87) | 1280 (4.21) | 13 (0.44) | |
| Partial nephrectomy | 11,267 (33.68) | 11,207 (36.84) | 60 (2.05) | |
| Radical nephrectomy | 18,471 (55.22) | 16,963 (55.77) | 1508 (51.45) | |
| Nephrectomy, NOS | 380 (1.14) | 305 (0.67) | 75 (2.56) | |
| Surgery, NOS | 47 (0.14) | 41 (0.13) | 6 (0.20) |
Data were n (%), unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: DM, distant metastasis; NOS, not otherwise specified; SD, standard deviation; y, years.
a
Grade I = Well differentiated; Grade II = Moderately differentiated; Grade III = Poorly differentiated; Grade IV = Undifferentiated.
b
Median household income: defined by earnings above the median of the median household income in this sample.
c
Including “no surgical procedure,” “needle, or aspiration biopsy,” or “Non‐cancer directed surgery.”