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. 2021 Jan 11;10(1):87. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010087

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mechanism of action of nuclear HO-1. Enzymatically active HO-1 is proteolitically cleaved from the sER and the generated t-HO-1 form migrates to the nucleus. Nuclear import of t-HO-1 is probably carried out by interaction with an importin, whereas nuclear export is carried out by interaction with CRM-1. Inside the nucleus, t-HO-1 may be acetylated by p300/CBP, binds to transcription factor as Nrf2 and AP-1 and activate them in order to transcribe genes related with antioxidant defenses and cell proliferation, among others.