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Dietary metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary components—carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins—are digested into diverse metabolites via complex reactions of enzymes released from host tissues and microbial fermentation in the gut. BCFAs, branched chain fatty acids; CLAs, conjugated linoleic acids; DCA, deoxycholic acid; HYA, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadeccenoid acid; hydroxy FA, hydroxy fatty acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; oxoFA, oxo fatty acid; SCFAs, short chain fatty acids.
