Table 1.
Characteristics of patients by survival to discharge.
| Variables | Total | Non-Survival Discharge | Survival Discharge | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| 344 | 246 | 98 | |||||
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 59.0 | 13.7 | 61.0 | 14.2 | 54.2 | 11.1 | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 283 | 82.3 | 202 | 82.1 | 81 | 82.7 | 0.91 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||||
| Current smoker | 61 | 17.7 | 33 | 13.4 | 28 | 28.6 | |
| Ex-smoker | 23 | 6.7 | 12 | 4.9 | 11 | 11.2 | |
| Never smoker | 23 | 6.7 | 42 | 17.1 | 33 | 33.7 | |
| Missing | 185 | 53.8 | 159 | 64.6 | 26 | 26.5 | |
| Hypertension | 125 | 36.3 | 88 | 35.8 | 37 | 37.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 60 | 17.4 | 46 | 18.7 | 14 | 14.3 | <0.001 |
| Time of event | 0.87 | ||||||
| 07:00–19:00 (day) | 192 | 55.8 | 138 | 56.1 | 54 | 55.1 | |
| 19:00–07:00 (night) | 152 | 44.2 | 108 | 43.9 | 44 | 44.9 | |
| Day of week | 0.93 | ||||||
| Weekday | 227 | 66.0 | 162 | 65.9 | 65 | 66.3 | |
| Weekend, holidays | 117 | 34.0 | 84 | 34.1 | 33 | 33.7 | |
| Witnessed (yes) | 258 | 75.0 | 183 | 74.4 | 75 | 76.5 | 0.53 |
| Bystander CPR (yes) | 213 | 61.9 | 155 | 63.0 | 58 | 59.2 | 0.51 |
| Arrest location | 0.36 | ||||||
| Non-public | 175 | 50.9 | 129 | 52.4 | 46 | 46.9 | |
| Public | 169 | 49.1 | 117 | 47.6 | 52 | 53.1 | |
| RTI, minutes | 8 | (6–10) | 8 | (6–10) | 7 | (6–8) | 0.003 |
| STI, minutes | 15 | (13–19) | 16 | (13–21) | 14 | (12–16) | <0.001 |
| STI groups | <0.001 | ||||||
| <15 min | 151 | 43.9 | 91 | 37.0 | 60 | 61.2 | |
| ≥15 min | 193 | 56.1 | 155 | 63.0 | 38 | 38.8 | |
| TTI, minutes | 7 | (4–10) | 7 | (4–10) | 7 | (4–10) | 0.90 |
| TPT, minutes | 31 | (26–37) | 32 | (27–38) | 29 | (25–33) | <0.001 |
| Number of shocks delivered | 4 | (3–6) | 5 | (4–6) | 4 | (3–5) | 0.002 |
| Airway types | 0.003 | ||||||
| Bag valve mask | 80 | 23.3 | 53 | 21.5 | 27 | 27.6 | |
| Supraglottic airway | 230 | 66.9 | 176 | 71.5 | 54 | 55.1 | |
| Endotracheal intubation | 34 | 9.9 | 17 | 6.9 | 17 | 17.3 | |
| Prehospital epinephrine given | 84 | 24.4 | 73 | 29.7 | 11 | 11.2 | <0.001 |
| Prehospital amiodarone given | 42 | 12.2 | 39 | 15.9 | 3 | 3.1 | 0.001 |
| Prehospital ROSC | 99 | 28.8 | 27 | 11.0 | 72 | 73.5 | <0.001 |
| ECLS applied | 26 | 7.6 | 17 | 6.9 | 9 | 9.2 | 0.47 |
| TTM applied | 62 | 18.0 | 16 | 6.5 | 46 | 46.9 | <0.001 |
| Good neurological outcome | 83 | 24.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 83 | 84.7 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; RTI, response time interval; STI, scene time interval; TTI, transport time interval; TPT, total prehospital time; ROSC, return on spontaneous circulation; ECLS, extracorporeal life support; TTM, targeted temperature management. Categorical values were presented as numbers and percentage, continuous values as mean with standard deviation or median with interquartile range. The p-values were calculated using the chi-squared test for categorical variables and Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U test were used for continuous variables.