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Serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (A) IL-18, (B) INF-γ, (C) IL-1α, and (D) IL-12 of rats fed either placebo, B. breve CNCM I-4035, L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 or L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 for 30 days. Values are the means ± SEM. n = 8 per group. * p < 0.05 vs. placebo. B, Bifidobacterium; INF-γ, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; L. Lactobacillus.
