| 2-DG | 2-Deoxy-D-glucose |
| Acetyl-CoA | Acetyl coenzyme A |
| DCA | Dichloroacetate |
| F-1, 6-bisP | Fructose 1.6 phosphate |
| F-6-P | Fructose 6 phosphate |
| GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| G-6-P | Glucose 6 phosphates |
| GLUT | Glucose transporter |
| GIP | Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide |
| HGP | Hepatic glucose production |
| HK | Hexokinases |
| HMWF | High molecular weight fucoidan |
| IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
| IO | Iodoacetate |
| KO | Koningic acid |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| LMWF | Low molecular weight fucoidan |
| MCTs | Monocarboxylate transporters |
| Na+ | Sodium ion |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT | Na-glucose transporter |
| OXID-P | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| PFK1 | Phosphofructokinase |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |