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. 2021 Jan 8;11(1):77. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11010077

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the TGFβ1-mediated intercellular communication between astrocyte and BMECs in BBB. Astrocyte-derived TGFβ1 triggered the TGFβ1-TGFBRII-Smad2/3-Gli1/2-ZO-1 axis in BMECs and maintained the normal BBB function.