Figure 2.

Protective effects of CHE against H₂O₂-induced ROS generation in ARPE-19 cells. Cells were pre-treated with 2.5, 5, or 10 μM CHE or 0.1% DMSO (vehicle control) for 2 h and then incubated with or without 500 μM H₂O₂ for an additional 24 h. Afterward, ROS levels were measured by using DCFDA (A) or DHE (B). Representative images of the cells evaluated by DCFDA staining. (C) N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, 4 mM) was used as an antioxidant control. *** p < 0.001, versus the control group; ### p < 0.001, versus the H₂O₂-treated group. Scale bar: 100 μm.