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. 2021 Jan 11;22(2):665. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020665

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In vivo imaging of systemically administered liposomes. Arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injection of FCA as described in Materials and Methods. At the time of appearance of signs of arthritis (disease onset), mice were randomized (n = 5 per group) and given intravenously NE680 (1 nmol/25 μL) two injections every 14 days starting from day 7 (indicated by arrows) to monitor the inflammation status. Mice then receiving single-dose treatment from day 8 of the following preparations: FCA only, free DIC, free DEX, or HA-Lipo-DIC/DEX. (A) The fluorescence imaging of arthritic mice receiving various treatments including FCA only, free DIC, free DEX, or HA-Lipo-DIC/DEX after NE680 injection and their distribution in the paw was assessed by Near-infrared fluorescence-imaging. (B) Fluorescence activities of arthritic mice in various treated groups (mean ± SEM). Mice receiving free DEX or HA-Lipo-DIC/DEX exhibited the least fluorescence in the first 2 weeks. Four weeks after mice receiving FCA induced arthritic, the HA-Lipo-DIC/DEX treated group exhibited the least fluorescence imaging (^★ indicates p < 0.05, ^★★ indicates p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA).